NAVY
PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
INTRODUCTION
The
responsibility for the implementation, administration and management of the
Navy SBIR program is with the Office of Naval Research (ONR). The Navy SBIR Program Manager is Mr. Vincent
D. Schaper, (703) 696‑8528. The
Deputy SBIR Program Manager is Mr. John Williams, (703) 696-0342. If you have any questions of a specific
nature, you may contact one of the above persons. For general inquiries or
problems with the electronic submission, contact the DoD Help Desk at 866-SBIRHLP (866-724-7457).
For technical questions about the topic, contact the Topic Authors listed on
the website on or before 1 July 2001.
The
Navy’s SBIR program is a mission‑oriented program that integrates the
needs and requirements of the Navy’s Fleet through R&D topics that have
dual‑use potential. Information
on the Navy SBIR Program can be found on the Navy SBIR website at http://www.onr.navy.mil/sbir. Additional information pertaining to the
Department of the Navy’s mission can be obtained by viewing the website at http://www.navy.mil.
PHASE I PROPOSAL
SUBMISSION:
When
you prepare your proposal, keep in mind that Phase I should address the
feasibility of a solution to the topic.
The Navy only accepts Phase I proposals with a base effort not exceeding
$70,000 and with the option not exceeding $30,000. The technical period of performance for the Phase I should be 6
months and for the Phase I option should be 3 months. The Phase I option should address the transition into the Phase
II effort and should be the initiation of the next phase of the SBIR project
(i.e. initial part of Phase II). Phase
I proposals, including the option, have a 25-page limit (see section 3.3). The Navy will evaluate and select Phase I
proposals using scientific review criteria based upon technical merit and other
criteria as discussed in this solicitation document. For technical questions about the topic, contact the Topic
Authors listed on the website on or before 1
July 2001. Due to limited funding,
the Navy reserves the right to limit awards under any topic and only proposals
considered to be of superior quality will be funded. The Navy typically provides a firm fixed price contract or awards
a small purchase agreement as a Phase I award.
It is mandatory that a DoD Proposal Cover Sheet and the Company Commercialization Report are submitted electronically through the DoD SBIR website at http://www.dodsbir.net/submission. If you have any questions or problems with the electronic submission, contact the DoD SBIR Helpdesk at 866-SBIRHLP (866-724-7457).
NEW! OPTIONAL ELECTRONIC
SUBMISSION OF TECHNICAL PROPOSALS
For this solicitation, companies will have two options for submission of proposals to the Navy:
Option 1 -All Electronic Proposal Submission:
Complete electronic submission which will include the submission of the Cover Sheets, Cost Proposal, Company Commercialization Report, and the entire technical proposal including all forms via the DoD Submission site. The DoD proposal submission site http://www.dodsbir.net/submission will lead you through the process for submitting your technical proposal and all of the sections electronically. If you choose to submit your technical proposal electronically, it must be submitted online on or before the 3:00 pm EST, 15 August 2001 deadline, but a hardcopy will not be required at this time. Acceptable Formats for Online Submission: All technical proposal files will be converted to Portable Document Format (PDF) for evaluation purposes; therefore, submissions may be received in PDF format but other acceptable formats (PC/Windows) are MS Word, WordPerfect, Text, Rich Text Format (RTF), and Adobe Acrobat. The Technical Proposal should include all graphics and attachments and should conform to the limitations on margins and number of pages specified in the front section of this DoD Solicitation. Most proposals will be printed out on black and white printers so make sure all graphics are distinguishable in black and white. It is strongly encouraged that you perform a virus check on each submission to avoid complications or delays in downloading your Technical Proposal.
Option 2 -Paper
Submission of Proposal and Electronic Submission of Cover Sheets and Company
Commercialization Report:
Hardcopy submission of Technical Proposal and electronic submission of
Cover Sheets and Company Commercialization Report through the DoD proposal
submission site, http://www.dodsbir.net/submission. You must print out the forms directly from
this web site, sign the forms, and submit them with your hardcopy
proposal. The format of your hardcopy
proposal should be: Proposal Cover Sheet Pages (signed), Technical Proposal and
Option (25-page limit), Cost Proposal (signed), and Company Commercialization
Report (signed). For Option 2 you must mail one original and four copies of your
Phase I proposal to the address below.
Proposals must be received by 15 August 2001.
U.S
Mail packages send to:
Office
of Naval Research
ONR
364 SBIR
Ballston
Tower #2, Room 106
800
North Quincy Street
Arlington,
VA 22217‑5660
Mail Services or Courier
packages send to:
Office of Naval Research
ONR 364 SBIR
Ballston Tower#2, Room 106
801 North Randolph Street
Arlington, VA 22203
PHASE I ELECTRONIC FINAL REPORT:
All Phase I award winners must electronically submit a
Phase I summary report through the Navy SBIR website at the end of their Phase
I. The Phase I Summary Report is a
non-proprietary summary of Phase I results and should include potential
applications and benefits and not exceed 700 words. It should require minimal
work from the contractor because most of this information is required in the
final report. The summary of the final
report will be submitted through the Navy SBIR/STTR Website at: http://www.onr.navy.mil/sbir, click on “Submission”, then click on “Submit a Phase I or
II Summary Report”.
ADDITIONAL NOTES:
1.
The
Small Business Administration (SBA) has made a determination that will permit
the Naval Academy, the Navy Post Graduate School and the other military
academies to participate as subcontractors in the SBIR/STTR program, since they
are institutions of higher learning.
2.
The
Navy will allow firms to include with their proposals, success stories that
have been submitted through the Navy SBIR website at http://www.onr.navy.mil/sbir. A Navy success story is any follow-on funds
that the firm has received from a past Phase II Navy SBIR or STTR award. The success story should then be printed and
included as appendices to the proposal.
These pages will not be counted towards the 25-page limit. The success story information will be used
as part of the evaluation of the third criteria, Commercial Potential (listed
in Section 4.2 of this solicitation) which includes the Company’s Commercialization
Report (formerly Appendix E) and the strategy described to commercialize the
technology discussed in the proposal.
The Navy is very interested in companies that transition SBIR efforts
directly into Navy and DoD programs and/or weapon systems. If a firm has never received a Navy SBIR
Phase II it will not count against them.
Phase III efforts should also be reported to
the Navy SBIR program office noted above.
NAVY FAST TRACK
DATES AND REQUIREMENTS:
The Fast Track application must be received by the Navy 150 days
from the Phase I award start date. Your
Phase II Proposal must be submitted within 180 days of the Phase I award start
date. Any Fast Track applications or
proposals not meeting these dates may be declined. All Fast Track applications and required information must be sent
to the Navy SBIR Program Manager at the address listed above, to the designated
Contracting Officers Technical Monitor (the Technical Point of Contact (TPOC))
for the contract, and the appropriate Navy Activity SBIR Program Manager listed
in Table 1 of this Introduction. The
information required by the Navy is the same as the information required under
the DoD Fast Track described in the front part of this solicitation.
PHASE II PROPOSAL
SUBMISSION:
Phase II is the demonstration of the technology that was found
feasible in Phase I. Only those Phase I
awardees which have been invited
to submit a Phase II proposal by that Activity’s proper point of contact,
listed in Table 1, during or at the end of a successful Phase I effort will be
eligible to participate for a Phase II award.
If you have been invited to submit a Phase II proposal to the Navy,
obtain a copy of the Phase II instructions from the Navy SBIR website or
request the instructions from the Navy Activity POC listed in Table 1. The Navy will also offer a “fast track” into
Phase II to those companies that successfully obtain third party cash
partnership funds (“Fast Track” is described in Section 4.5 of this
solicitation). The Navy typically
provides a cost
plus fixed fee contract or an Other Transition Agreement (OTA) as a Phase II
award. The type of award is at the
discretion of the contracting officer.
Upon receiving an invitation, submission of a Phase II proposal
should consist of three elements: 1) a $600,000 base effort, which is the
demonstration phase of the SBIR project; 2) a separate 2 to 5 page
Transition/Marketing plan (formerly called a “commercialization plan”)
describing how, to whom and at what stage you will market/transition your
technology to the government, government prime contractor, and/or private
sector; and 3) at least one Phase II Option ($150,000) which would be a fully
costed and well defined section describing a test and evaluation plan or
further R&D if the Transition/Marketing plan is evaluated as being successful. Phase II efforts are typically two (2) years
and Phase II options are typically an additional six (6) months. Some Navy Activities have different
schedules and award amounts; you are required to get specific guidance from
them before submitting your Phase II proposal.
Phase II proposals together with the Phase II Option are limited to 40
pages (unless otherwise directed by the TPOC or contract officer). The Transition/Marketing plan must be a
separate document that is submitted through the Navy SBIR website under
“Submission” and included with the proposal hard copy. All Phase II proposals must have a Proposal Cover
Sheet and Company Commercialization Report submitted through the DoD SBIR
website at http://www.dodsbir.net/submission
and Transition/Marketing plan submitted through the Navy SBIR website at
http://www.onr.navy.mil/sbir.
All
Phase II award winners must attend a two day Commercialization Assistance/Business
Plan Development Course from the Navy.
This is typically taken at the beginning of the 2nd year of the Phase
II. If you receive a Phase II award,
you will be contacted with more information regarding this program.
As
with the Phase I award, Phase II award winners must electronically submit a
Phase II summary report through the Navy SBIR website at the end of their Phase
II. The Phase II Summary Report is a
non-proprietary summary of Phase II results and should include potential applications
and benefits and not exceed 700 words.
It should require minimal work from the contractor because most of this
information is required in the final report.
The summary of the final report will be submitted through the Navy
SBIR/STTR Website at: http://www.onr.navy.mil/sbir, click on “Submission”, then click on “Submit a Phase I or
II Summary Report”.
The
Navy has adopted a New Phase II Enhancement Plan to encourage transition of
Navy SBIR funded technology to the Fleet.
Since the Law (PL102-564) permits Phase III awards during Phase II work,
the Navy will provide a 1 to 4 match of Phase II to Phase III funds that the
company obtains from an acquisition program.
Up to $250,000 in additional SBIR funds can be provided as long as the
Phase III is awarded and funded during the Phase II. If you have questions, please contact the Navy Activity POC.
Effective
in Fiscal Year 2000, a Navy activity will not issue a Navy SBIR Phase II award
to a company when the elapsed time between the completion of the Phase I award
and the actual Phase II award date is eight (8) months or greater; unless the
process and the award has been formally reviewed and approved by the Navy SBIR
Program Office. Also, any SBIR Phase I
contract that has been extended by a no cost extension beyond one (1) year will
be ineligible for a Navy SBIR Phase II award using SBIR funds.
TABLE 1. NAVY
ACTIVITY SBIR PROGRAM MANAGERS POINTS OF CONTACT (POC) FOR TOPICS
Topic Numbers N01-108 to N01-112
Mr. Rod Marzano
MARCOR
&03-784-1395
Mr. Bill Degentesh
NAVSEA
202-781-3740
Mr. Douglas Harry
ONR
703-696-4286
Ms. Susan Schneck
NAVSUP
717-605-1305
Ms. Carol Van Wyk
NAVAIR
301-342-0215
Do
not contact the Program Managers for technical questions. For technical questions, please contact the
topic authors during the pre-solicitation period from 1 May 2001 until 1 July
2001. These topic authors are listed on
the Navy website under “Solicitation” or the DoD website. After 1 July, you must use the SITIS system
listed in section 1.5c at the front of the solicitation or go to the DoD
website for more information.
PHASE I PROPOSAL SUBMISSION
CHECKLIST:
All of the following criteria
must be met or your proposal will be REJECTED.
____1. The DoD Proposal Cover Sheet and the DoD Company Commercialization Report have been submitted electronically through the DoD submission site.
____2. The Phase I proposed
cost for the base effort does not exceed $70,000. The Phase I Option proposed cost does not exceed $30,000. The costs for the base and option are
clearly separate, and identified on the Proposal Cover Sheet, in the cost proposal,
and in the work plan section of the proposal.
____4. Submission:
Option 1) Cover
Sheets, Company Commercialization Report, and Technical Proposal have been
submitted online on or before 15 August 2001.
Option 2) Cover
Sheets and Company Commercialization Report (submitted online) and an original
and 4 copies of the entire PH I proposal must be received on or before 15
August 2001 at the address above. The
Navy will not accept late or incomplete proposals.
NAVY
01.2 SBIR TITLE INDEX
Marine Corps
Systems Command (MARCORP)
N01-108
Through the Wall Sensor
N01-109
Ti:Sapphire Hybrid Laser
N01-110
Non-Intrusive, Window Mounted, Conformal Antennas
N01-111
Wireless Radio Frequency Communication Link for Small Unmanned Ground Vehicles
N01-112
Internal Periscope Displays for Embedded Training
Naval
Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA)
N01-113
Shipboard SMART Foundation Adapter
N01-114
Automated Shipboard Food Service
N01-115
Hn System Integration Rapid Analysis Tool for Evaluation of System Concepts
Early in Development
N01-116
Embedded Training in an Optimized Manning Environment
N01-117
Non-Lethal Ship Defense Response Systems (Anti-surface)
N01-118
Surveillance of Ship Security Perimeter While in Port
N01-119 Simulation
Environment in Support of Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) Algorithm
Development
N01-120 Global Positioning
System (GPS) Jamming Situational Awareness for Naval Surface Fire Support
(NSFS)
N01-121 Non-GPS Projectile
Navigation
N01-122 Modeling
High-Temperature Erosive Gas Flow to Support Barrel Erosion Reduction Concept
Modeling for Fire
Support Gun Application
N01-123
Wireless Audio/Video Headsets
N01-124
Advanced Power Distribution Systems
N01-125
Scale Prevention in Seawater and Freshwater Flushed Shipboard Sanitary Waste
Systems
N01-126
Advanced Treatment Technology for Shipboard Non-Oily Wastewater
N01-127
Tactical Sonar Data Fusion
N01-128
Novel Approaches for Automated Information Processing of Active Sonar Data
N01-129
Thermal Stress Management of Infrared (IR) Windows
N01-130
Integrated Underwater Sensing System for Platform Safety & Threat Alertment
Office of Naval Research
(ONR)
N01-131 Multiple-Beam
Electron Gun for High Power Amplifiers
N01-132 Low-cost.
Lightweight, Mid-Wave InfraRed (MWIR) Sensors
N01-133 Maritime Intelligence, Surveillance,
Reconnaissance (ISR) and Space Exploitation
N01-134 Component Level, Multimedia communication
technology for survivability
N01-135 Boost-Phase Sub-Unit
Vaccine Development for Binary Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases and Biological
Warfare
Agents
N01-136 Digital
Cellular-Phone Transceiver-based Foliage Penetration Interferometric SAR for
EO/IR Sensor Fusion ATR
N01-137 Expeditionary
Logistics
N01-138 A Self-Contained Solar Radiation Measurement
Package for an Aircraft
N01-139 Smart Low Altitude Platform for Atmospheric
Measurements from a Research Aircraft
N01-140 Conductive Carbon Nanotubes for EMI Shielding
of Naval Aviation Optical Materials
N01-141 Portable Emissivity / Reflectometer for Measurements on Curved Surfaces
N01-142 Rapid RF Switching Conducting Polymers
N01-143 Compact, Digital Man-Portable Infrared (IR)
Measurement Device
N01-144 Small Diesel Engines, JP5 / JP8 Fueled
N01-145 Very Low Cost,
Lightweight Detector Technologies for Small, Expendable Unmanned Air Vehicles
(UAVs)
N01-146 Airframe Construction for Small, Expendable
Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs)
N01-147 Very Low Cost
Unmanned Air Vehicle (UAV) Avionics
N01-148 Very Low Cost, Lightweight IridiumTM /
GlobalstarTM Communications Modules
N01-149 Expendable Active Battle Damage Assessment
Sensors
Naval Supply Systems Command
(NAVSUP)
N01-150
Technology for Logistics Productivity
N01-151
Laboratory Convective / Steam Heat Test Apparatus
N01-152
Environmentally Friendly Advanced Food Packaging
Naval Air Systems Command
(NAVAIR)
N01-153
Low Volatile Organic Content (VOC) Solid Film Lubricant
N01-154
Probabilistic Mission/Engine Duty Cycle Analysis
N01-155 Coupled
Vertical/Short Takeoff and Landing (VSTOL) Down Wash-Ground Effect and Ship Air
Wake Turbulent Flow
Simulation Model
N01-156
Nonlinear Combustion Stability Prediction of Solid Rocket Motors
N01-157
Transparent, Electrically Conductive Coatings for Infrared Windows
N01-158
Enhanced Propeller Visibility
N01-159
Material Encoded Textures with Computer Generated Forces (CGF)
N01-160
Aluminum Honeycomb Panel/Substructure Replacement Initiative
N01-161 Active and Passive
Reduction of Noise Caused by Bone Conduction to the Head of U.S. Navy Deck Crew
Personnel
with Helmets
N01-162 Active Noise
Reduction Earplug and Improved Speech Intelligibility for Aircrew and Deck Crew
Personnel with
Helmet Integrated
Communication Systems
N01-163
High-Voltage Cables and Connector
N01-164 Fiber
Optic Cables and Connectors
N01-165
Corrosion/Erosion Resistant Coatings for Turbine Compression Systems
N01-166
Multi-Channel Electronic Scanning Module for an Ultrahigh Frequency (UHF)
Circular Array
N01-167 Fuel
Reformulation to Reduce Contaminants
N01-168 Thin
Layered Damping Treatments for Turbo Machinery
N01-169
Non-Mechanical Beam Steering for Infrared Countermeasure (IRCM) Applications
N01-170 New
Cooling Technology to Increase Aircraft Generators Power Rating
N01-171
Visualization and Quantification System for Modeling Unsteady Aerodynamics for
Aircraft Simulations
N01-172 New
Mid-Infrared (IR) Laser Materials
N01-173
Non-Explosive Broadband Acoustic Source for Multi-Static Anti-Submarine Warfare
(ASW)
N01-174
Wireless Leave-In-Place Aircraft Structural Nondestructive Evaluation (NDE)
Sensors
N01-175 CODEC
(Code/Decode) for Digital Buoys in a Harsh RF Environment
N01-176 Fiber
Optic Ethernet for Aviation Intercommunications System Voice Transmission
N01-177
Hydraulic Seal Replacement
N01-178
Photonic Switching for Aircraft Fiber Optic Networks
N01-179
Low-Cost Dual-Mode (Visible/Infrared) Imager
N01-180
Low-Cost Global Positioning System (GPS) Oscillator
N01-181
Automated Strike Package Planning System
N01-182 Advanced Modeling to
Characterize Failure Progression Rates from the Incipient Stage to Component
Failure
N01-183
High-Temperature/Lower Cost Appliqué Material
Marine Corps Systems Command
(MARCORP)
N01-108 TITLE:
Through the Wall Sensor
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT IV (T): Clear Facilities
OBJECTIVE:
This topic seeks to develop an advanced sensor system or system of systems that
will provide a capability for the clandestine determination of the location,
armament, and other tactical information on personnel and equipment/materiel
through a wall from a remote location.
DESCRIPTION: The
Marine Corps needs a capability to sense/determine the location, armament, and
other tactical information on personnel and equipment/materiel through a wall
from a remote location. The system can be continuous, intermittent, or utilize
an active initiator system like radar. The minimum range required is from the
outside wall of the target building or the surface of the ground outside an
underground location. It is desired that the system work at as long a range and
through as many types of construction materials as possible including caves,
tunnels, or underground bunkers. It is not essential that one technology work
through all possible materials. The range desired is 100 meters from the
outside wall of the target building or the surface of the ground outside an
underground location. A sensor that will work from the outside surface of the
building or the ground for underground structures would be the absolute minimum
capability. The system needs to be clandestine, i.e. setting off explosions and
reading reflected sound waves like the systems used for oil exploration would
not be acceptable.
PHASE I: Determine insofar as possible the scientific, technical, and commercial merit and feasibility of a system or system of systems to provide the desired capability. Develop the technology with brassboard models of the critical components that demonstrates the applicability to infrared, electromagnetic, directed energy, acoustic or any other detectable or producible signatures. Perform a demonstration of the developed model by the end of this phase. Provide an estimate of the cost, schedule, technical performance and risk of the demonstrated capabilities.
PHASE
II: Build prototypes of the model from Phase I. The prototypes shall be
produced to best commercial practices. If additional commercially available
technologies are required to address additional materials of construction or
increased range, provide a demonstration of the total system. Develop a
commercial marketing plan for the system.
PHASE
III: Further develop the system for both commercial and military applications.
The resultant system shall be made commercially available by the close of Phase
III.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Military, fire & rescue, and law enforcement organizations have
a need to determine the location of people and material inside of buildings.
REFERENCES:
1.
There
are no fielded capabilities in the military. Several companies have indicated
that there is some capability but either the display of information requires an
engineer to interpret or there are too few materials that can be seen through
to make it feasible
2.
Mission
Need Statement for Clear Facilities Reference number, LOG 1.85, 02/20/96
KEYWORDS:
Remote sensors, Sensors, Acoustic Technology, Lasers, Directed energy
N01-109 TITLE:
Ti:Sapphire Hybrid Laser
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: COBRA- ACAT (IV)
OBJECTIVE: Develop a multi-wavelength Hybrid
Ti:Sapphire/Nd:YAG laser system with high output pulse energy and the ability
to achieve five simultaneous output wavelengths to accomplish active
multispectral aerial reconnaissance.
DESCRIPTION: Recent program success under the Joint Mine
Detection Technology program has produced a hybrid design laser capable of
operating at four simultaneous wavelengths (Ref. 1,2). Due to certain materials properties in the
Cr:LiSaf portion of the device power is limited in two of the wavelengths. A better design with higher power, a
possible extra 5th wavelength, tunability across a portion of the spectrum, and
a more compact design could be obtained through a design around a
Ti:Sapphire/Nd:YAG laser. This newer
hybrid laser would provide more output power and extra wavelength capability. Diode pumping offers the possibility of a
more compact design and tuning expands operational range. Recent developments in pump lasers and
Sapphire quality show promise to allow for hundred plus millijoule energy per
pulse output. Current military
reconnaissance programs could greatly benefit from the simultaneous active multi-wavelength
imaging capability of this hardware.
The range-gated capability of the multi-wavelength device will allow
imaging systems to penetrate obscurants and water. The high power energy will ensure optimum capability to penetrate
obscurants while providing plenty of photons for night time imaging. Selected invisible wavelengths could be used
for clandestine night time imaging.
PHASE
I: Investigate enabling technologies and component designs and relate the
results to a hybrid laser system design capable of providing five simultaneous
wavelength outputs at high energy per pulse to provide sufficient illumination
for night time and through the water imaging while maintaining compactness and
modularity. Consider diode pumping,
tunability, and polarization capability to enhance system design. Provide details into possible prototype
designs and use modeling, analysis, empirical testing or construction of risk
reduction parts or sub assemblies to ensure optimum path. The results of the investigation must
include a technology optimization path and system design that will provide a
guide to Phase II activity.
PHASE
II: Utilize the findings established in Phase I to design, develop, construct,
test, and deliver a functional fieldable system prototype of the enabling
technology which can be applied, with matched specifications, to support a
variety of sensor systems. System
functionality, capability, flexibility, and usability should be maximized for
aerial reconnaissance.
PHASE
III: Advancement in compact and modular
illumination systems can serve both the civilian and military needs. Common application needs include navigation,
law enforcement, security systems, hazardous environment monitoring, and
surveillance. Additional military
applications include reconnaissance, targeting, IFF, guidance, and other
overt/covert operations support.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This system could provide
useful information to a variety of industry areas including remote sensing,
biomedical imaging, environmental and agricultural monitoring, pollution
monitoring, navigation, and law enforcement,
REFERENCES:
1.
Holloway,
Xybion Electronic Systems Corporation, “Multispectral Hybrid Laser Phase II
Test Plan for Laboratory and Field Measurements”, Apr 99
2.
Lin,
Andriasyan, Swatrtz, Witherspoon, Holloway, “Multiwavelength output from a
Nd:YAG/Cr:LiSAF hybrid laser”, Applied Optics, Vol 38, No. 9, Mar 99.
3.
Witherspoon,
Holloway, "Feasibility Testing of a range-gated laser illuminated
underwater imaging system," Proceeding of the International Society for
Optical Engineering, Vol 1302, Ocean Optics X, April 1990, pp 414-420.
4.
Witherspoon,
Holloway, et. al., "Measured Degradation in Image Quality When Imaging
Through A Wavy Air-Water Interface, Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers, Ocean Optics IX, April 1988.
5.
Witherspoon,
Holloway, et. al., "Experimentally Measured MTF's Associated with Imaging
Through Turbid Water," Proceedings of the Society of Photo-Optical
Instrumentation Engineers, Ocean Optics IX, April 1988.
6.
Holloway,
Lorenzo, Pham, "Gated Laser Video Sensor (GLVS) Large Area Smoke
Experiment (LASEX) Report," NCSC Report, Oct 94
7.
Holloway,
"Gated Laser Video Sensor Smoke Week Test Plan," NCSC Report, April
94
8.
Witherspoon,
Holloway, et. al., "Experimental Results of Single Pulse Imaging Through
Turbid Water of up to 2 Meter Depth Using a Blue-Green Short Pulse Width Laser
and a CID Gated Array Camera System."
NCSC Technical Report.
9.
Blume,
"Enhancement of the Gated Laser Video Sensor Image Synthesis Tool - Final
Report,"
10.
Blume,
"Gated Laser Video Sensor Image Synthesis Tool Simplified Model - Final
Report," Oct 94
11.
Blume,
"Gated Laser Video Sensor Image Synthesis Tool Simplified Model - Users
Manual," Oct 94
KEYWORDS: Laser Diode Array, Diode Array, LADAR, Range Gating, Gated Imaging, Laser Radar
N01-110 TITLE: Non-Intrusive, Window
Mounted, Conformal Antennas
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT IV: MARCORSYSCOM PM INTEL
OBJECTIVE: This project will result in allowing signals
collection teams to attach a portable wideband membrane antenna to the inside
of windows of various platforms. These
antennas may be utilized as a single unit or as arrays. This will allow use of any available
platform for signal collection without concern for the safety and space requirements
encountered with external antennas.
DESCRIPTION: USMC Radio Battalions are required to
provide signal collection operations with organic resources. Collection platforms are frequently not
available with antennas of characteristics required for frequencies of
interest. Thus the Marine is required
to utilize any non-dedicated platform (man/team, air, ground, water, etc) and
make do with antenna suites that happen to reside on the platform. This program is focused on developing
conformal membrane antennas that can be mounted inside the windows of these
platforms. The technology utilized for the development of these non-intrusive
conformal antennas is fractal antenna design.
Fractal antenna design techniques have been studied for antenna application
over the past decade and are particularly suited for this application.
PHASE
I: Develop a set of performance models
and equations to predict and optimize the expected performance of fractal
antenna designs of various sizes.
Particular emphasis will be placed on determining the optimal fractal
membrane structure balancing portability, gain, pattern, and conformal
characteristics.
PHASE
II: Develop and test a set of
engineering development prototype antennas (four 4). This will include measurement of antenna pattern and gain in an
antenna range environment. Field
testing on candidate platforms will follow the range testing.
PHASE
III: Production of antennas for USMC Radio Battalions use.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The commercial potential of
this antenna technology includes furthering the development of the practice of
Fractal Antenna Design and a new class of antennas for amateur radio use which
may allow ‘hams’ to enjoy their hobby in city environments where construction
of large antenna structures is not allowable.
REFERENCES:
1.
Fractal
Antenna Engineering: The Theory and Design of Fractal Antenna Arrays. Werner, Douglas H, et al, IEEE antennas
& propagation magazine. OCT 01 1999
v 41 n 5 37.
2.
On
the Behavior of the Sierpinski Multiband Fractal Antenna. Puente-Baliarda, C. et al, IEEE transactions
on antennas and propagation. APR 01
1998 v 46 n 4 517.
KEYWORDS:
Antennas, Conformal, Fractals, Wideband, Apertures, and Communications
N01-111 TITLE: Wireless Radio
Frequency Communication Link for Small Unmanned Ground Vehicles
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT III, GLADIATOR Program
OBJECTIVE: Design and build a Wireless Radio Frequency
(RF) Communication Link for small Unmanned Ground Vehicles (UGV) to allow them
to effectively operate in enclosed spaces such as sewers, tunnels, and
buildings without utilizing a physical tether for communications between the
operator and the UGV.
DESCRIPTION: Small UGVs have been used in past
experiments to conduct tunnel, sewer, and building reconnaissance missions. The purpose of these missions is to use UGVs
in place of Marines and Soldiers to locate booby traps such as trip wires,
mines, and snipers, thereby removing them from harm’s way. These vehicles carry a variety of sensors
on-board to allow the UGV to provide situational awareness data to the
operator. This information is then
forwarded to the battlefield decision makers to allow them to plan their
missions to mitigate loss of Marines and Soldiers lives.
The
small UGVs currently being utilized to demonstrate these capabilities use
commercial off-the-shelf, radio frequency (RF) communications links to transmit
information between the operator and UGV.
These communication links do not work well in enclosed spaces due to the
nature of RF energy propagation.
Typically, the UGV will get some distance into the sewer, tunnel, or
building and the communications link will drop out, thus disabling the
UGV. At this point, the data feedback
to the operator is also disabled. This
is not an acceptable result or conclusion to the mission.
There
are emerging requirements for small UGVs to support Military Operations in
Urban Terrain (MOUT), Operations Other Than War (OOTW), and Ship to Objective
Maneuver (STOM) operations. This effort
will use emerging technologies to design a Wireless RF Communication Link that
is optimized for use on small UGVs in these environments. It will incorporate innovative types of
modulation and data compression schemes, antenna design techniques, and power
management technologies to enhance the propagation characteristics of the RF
energy, thus allowing the UGVs to complete their missions.
Successful
submissions will propose solutions for short range (100-500m) wireless
communication between UGVs and the operator, operating in enclosed spaces such
as corridors, ventilation shafts, utility tunnels, sewer pipes, and evacuated
water mains. Proposed solutions will
also address non-line-of-sight issues arising from corners and bends, and
reflection and multipath interference issues arising from RF waveguide effects
of confined spaces. Solutions should
also address the power, weight, and volume constraints inherent with small
UGVs.
PHASE
I: Design a Wireless RF Communication
Link system for use on small UGVs in enclosed environments. This system will have the capability to
transmit near real-time, digitized video and status data from the UGV to the
operator and control data from the operator to the UGV inside enclosed
environments with a high degree of confidence.
It will also have data relay capabilities to allow the UGV information
to be integrated into the battlefield Command, Control, and Communications (C3)
networks.
PHASE
II: Develop and test a prototype
unit. This unit will be integrated into
a small UGV and tested in government test facilities. The performance characteristics will be compared against
currently used, commercial off-the-shelf RF communications links.
PHASE
III: Design changes will be initiated
to solve design problems, integrate producibility and manufacturability into
the design, and develop a technical data package for this system. The Wireless RF Communication Link will be
integrated into the U.S. Marine Corps GLADIATOR and U.S. Army’s Man-Portable
Robot System (MPRS) UGV programs.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The potential for
commercializing this product is tremendous.
This Wireless RF Communications Link could be utilized in any enclosed
work environment requiring wireless local area networks (LAN) for data
communications. Current technologies
used for LANs are susceptible to interference, jamming, and increased
electromagnetic noise levels. The
technologies developed under this effort will be inherently less susceptible to
these types of interference because mitigation of this type of interference is
part of the design of the system.
KEYWORDS:
Radio; unmanned; data; communications; tunnel; wireless.
N01-112 TITLE:
Internal Periscope Displays for Embedded Training
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Information Systems, Ground/Sea Vehicles
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: Advanced Amphibious Assault Vehicle
(AAAV), ACAT ID
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a Visual Display monitor that can be built into the periscopes on the AAAV. The display will remain permanently inside the periscopes. It must have two modes; one in which it is switched OFF i.e. positioned out of the way so that the vehicle operators can see through the periscope to the outside of the vehicle; and a second position where the display is switched ON, i.e. positioned in the periscope path to become an opaque display for presenting the simulated Out-the-Window (OTW) view provided by the on-board Embedded Training Simulator server.
DESCRIPTION: During the past decade the U.S. Army and U.S. Marine Corps, in parallel with many foreign militaries, have demonstrated their commitment to deployable “embedded training” using appended, or “strap-on”, simulation and control systems to make operational armored vehicles serve a second purpose as a crew trainer. Armored communities place the highest priority on deployable embedded training to sustain highly erodable skills. Marine Corps units embarked on Naval Ships are in special need of high quality training devices sufficient for maintaining the crucial precision gunnery skills of target detection, identification, and engagement. Computer servers for embedded training have been miniaturized and ruggedized to a state that they can be fully integrated into the armored vehicle. However, visual displays must still be carried in separate packaging and strapped on manually whenever simulation training is desired. External displays are at risk of being left behind as embarkation space is given to higher priority war supplies such as ammunition, food, and water. Displays that have labor intensive installation and exposed cabling are at risk of severe damage during installation and use by Marines. Reliable, robust displays are crucial to the success of embedded training. The optimal solution would be displays that are permanently built into the vehicle with no exposed cabling. The most natural display location for training would be at the periscopes so that operators would look to the same location whether they are looking out to the real world or using the embedded training simulator system. Flat panel displays that could be made small enough to “strap-on” to the periscopes would partially fill the need but would still have the high likelihood of becoming damaged to the point of being unusable. Any display solution that requires storage, installation, and exposed cabling cannot be expected to survive in the rugged environment experienced by AAAV. Fully integrated displays are needed to provide superior training devices for the life of the vehicle.
PHASE
I: Perform a feasibility study and
develop a preliminary design to describe the following: (a) Mechanism for a
display that can be switched or moved to provide an “ON” mode where it
functions as a display, and an “OFF” mode where it is out of the visual
path. (b) Potential to be mounted
internally in periscopes with sufficient image quality to serve as a training
device. (c) Method for receiving
signals from a computer server to provide graphic imagery. (d) Electrical power
requirements. (e) Provide an estimate
of the cost, schedule, technical performance, risk, and producibility of the
desired capability.
PHASE II: Develop a detailed design and produce
prototypes to demonstrate the capabilities described in Phase I. Multiple prototypes of varying form can be
used to demonstrate different aspects of the design. One prototype must demonstrate that the design can provide
sufficient image quality to serve as a training device display. One prototype must demonstrate, inside a
mock-up of the AAAV periscope, the mechanism to be used which allows the
display to be visible on command and be move out of the visible path on
command. Each prototype must
demonstrate the capability respond to contractor provided computer imagery
software. Update and refine the
estimate of the cost, schedule, technical performance, risk, and producibility
of the desired capability. Develop a
commercial marketing plan for the system.
PHASE
III: Integrate display design with the
AAAV Embedded Training software.
Fabricate ruggedized periscope displays of appropriate size to fit in
the AAAV driver's periscopes and the AAAV Vehicle Commander's periscope. Produce sufficient periscope displays to
outfit one AAA Vehicle. Integrate the
periscope displays into AAAV periscope housings. Determine reliability characteristics of the internal
periscope displays. Demonstrate
producibility and develop an implementation plan for new production. Further
develop the system for both commercial and military applications. The resultant system shall be made
commercially available by the close of Phase III.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: The commercial video gaming industry can benefit from the miniaturization of displays for creating high quality visual displays with small volume space claims. Commercial applications which use a display surface that would benefit from being transparent at times such as the commercial automotive industry which has featured instrument panel readouts shown on the windshield.
KEYWORDS: Displays, miniaturization, training, internal, simulation, embedded.
Naval
Sea Systems Command (NAVSEA)
N01-113 TITLE: Shipboard SMART
Foundation Adapter
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT 1: DD21
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a standard,
lightweight, low-cost adapter to accommodate shipboard COTS equipment and
provide a flexible, reconfigurable interface to the shipboard standard
foundation interface SMART Track mounting system and shipboard equipment.
DESCRIPTION:
Shipboard electronics and other spaces require frequent upgrades and/or
reconfigurations due to technology and other changes; such changes are only
projected to multiply with increased use of COTS for military systems. Often
these upgrades require extensive ship alterations associated with modifying
ship support services. To decrease costs and increase adaptability, open
interfaces for equipment foundations are becoming a reality with the use of
SMART (Shipboard Modular Arrangement Reconfiguration Technology) Track on Navy
ships. SMART Track is a modular commercial foundation system based on ISO
Standard 7166 and is currently installed on several Navy ships. SMART track
installations provide a significant cost avoidance by simplifying the
structural work involved in reconfigurations or upgrades. However, current
installations of equipment to SMART track require the use of individually
constructed intermediate foundations to connect equipment to the SMART interface
grid. This can result in additional
costs and in the equipment and consoles being raised several inches creating
potentially unacceptable ergonomic arrangements. A significant cost avoidance would result from the development,
qualification, and implementation of a standard, flexible adapter family to
serve as the interface between various equipment types and mounting
orientations and the standard SMART Track foundation. Such an adapter would be
subject to demands of the Navy unique environment and must meet rigorous shock
and vibration requirements. This adapter will be designed to eliminate the
requirement to design and conduct shock analysis for each individual equipment
foundation and allow flexible console/rack orientation and reconfiguration. This adapter will provide a low profile,
direct link to equipment and consoles located in shipboard spaces.
PHASE
I: Develop a standard, flexible,
reconfigurable, low-cost, light-weight adapter family design for a range of
shipboard electronic console applications. Conduct a study of the lifecycle
costs and feasibility for use with the projected range of current and future
shipboard electronics equipment. Develop a prototype and evaluate feasibility
in the Navy unique environment with respect to shock and vibration requirements
by conducting computational shock analysis.
PHASE
II: Analyze, fabricate, and test the
designs developed in Phase I. Conduct
physical testing to validate that the designs can meet the requirements of
NAVSEA 0908-LP-000-3010, Rev. 1 (or most recent Revision) “Shock Design
Criteria for Surface Ships.” Evaluate
and project the lifecycle costs associated with the adapter. Validate the applicable ranges of individual
adapters within the adapter family (weight, center of gravity, etc.).
PHASE
III: Demonstrate and document the
adapter’s projected lifecycle costs, producibility, and adaptability for
multiple equipment configurations as part of the installation and testing
within a ship electronics space.
Validate the adapter’s shock/vibration qualification. Develop a plan to incorporate the adapter on
CG 47 and LPD 17 Class ships as shipboard electronics spaces undergo
construction or conversion.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Commercial ships that
utilize electronic equipment could benefit from the incorporation of such
adapters coupled with the ISO 7166-based SMART Track concept to maintain
currency with the ever-advancing electronic/computing technologies by providing
a low cost, rapid upgrade potential.
REFERENCES:
1.
NAVSEA
0908-LP-000-3010, Rev. 1 (or most recent Revision) “Shock Design Criteria for
Surface Ships”.
2.
NAVSEA
Technical Manual S6468-AA-INM-010, “Technical Manual for Shipboard Modular
Arrangement Configuration Technology (SMART) System SMART Design Guidance”.
3.
NAVSEA
Technical Note No. 070-PMS335-TN-0018, “C4I Modular Implementation Working
Group C4I Modular Foundation Study”.
4.
ISO
Standard 7166.
KEYWORDS: Adapter; SMART Track; electronic equipment; foundation; mounting; interface.
N01-114 TITLE: Automated Shipboard
Food Service
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Human Systems
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE:
Develop and demonstrate automated shipboard food service processes and
technologies that will significantly reduce shipboard food item preparation,
serving, and scullery manning requirements through automated identification,
retrieval, transportation, processing, and preparation of menu items while
enhancing the food quality and availability.
DESCRIPTION:
The loading, stowage, preparation, and serving of meals to US Navy shipboard
personnel is presently a manpower-intensive operation as is the cleanup of
cooking, serving, and eating utensils and disposal of foodservice waste
(scullery functions). These shipboard processes are almost entirely manual with
minimal modern equipment and little automation; others do not positively effect
the morale of shipboard personnel. Requested is an integrated system(s)
addressing food item preparation as well as clean-up to eliminate the workload
currently associated with these operations. The Food Item Preparation System (FIPS)
would automate the identification, retrieval, and transportation of food items
from the shipboard dry, chill, and freeze storerooms to the preparation area(s)
(galley). The FIPS would also initiate, monitor, and control food item
preparation and serving processes within the galley. Inventory and menu
management features would support automatic recordkeeping and ordering. The
Scullery Management System (SMS) is the counterpart to FIPS and will perform
scullery functions such as messgear scrapping, soaking, washing/drying, and
stowage, with no attendant manpower requirements. The FIPS and SMS will be
developed with a modular, open systems architecture approach to permit
lifecycle upgradability, flexibility for inclusion of various commercial
technologies/systems, and application across various ship platforms and
Navy/Industry support concepts. The
FIPS and SMS are envisioned to include computer-controlled sensors and
operating mechanisms able to operate in refrigerated spaces and withstand
shipboard motions/ environment. Previously, technology insertion aboard Navy
ships has occurred at the piece-part level and current shipboard foodservice
arrangements do not facilitate upgrade or modernization except in the most
rudimentary manner. Existing Navy ships typically are configured with
foodservice storerooms separated from the food production areas, contributing
to manpower-intensive stores handling. The development of a re-engineered
foodservice system and the implementation of innovative automation technologies
to minimize the manpower requirements for shipboard foodservice are required.
New methods and techniques for the stowage, retrieval, preparation, and
management of menu items are required. These new methods must employ automation
and mechanical aids designed for operation aboard Navy ships and must reduce
overall ship system requirements such as chill/frozen storage.
PHASE
I: Develop an automated FIPS and SMS concept for Navy surface combatants to
eliminate Scullery manning requirements and reduce the number of food item
preparation and serving personnel. Identify the resultant manning reduction,
lifecycle costs and shipboard impacts and performance in the Navy unique
environment. Develop
prototypes
and demonstrate key equipment and processes. Identify required equipment, menu
and menu items, concept of operations, architectures, and interfaces including
HSI, ship-machine and with existing and planned logistical support communities.
PHASE
II: Prototype the automated foodservice concept as determined in Phase I.
Demonstrate (land-based) the operation of processes and individual items
including defining maintenance procedures and projecting lifecycle costs for
all Navy shipboard operational scenarios. Define interface boundaries and
conditions for new system processes and equipment to address legacy Navy
systems such as shore-side/underway logistics systems, inventory
management/accounting tools, and ship general arrangements. Evaluate
performance in the Navy unique environment including shock and vibration
requirements.
PHASE
III: Demonstrate the automated foodservice system configuration aboard a US
Navy ship operated by Navy personnel. Document manpower reduction, lifecycle
cost projections, maintenance requirements, impacts and interfaces with other
ship systems and the existing and planned logistical support communities, and
performance in the Navy unique environment. Develop a plan to incorporate
automated foodservice system concept on new construction US Navy platforms.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Cruise ships, cargo ships, tankers, and workboats in the commercial
sector could benefit from the incorporation of automated food service
technologies and approaches, as could MSC and USCG ships. US Navy shore-side
and other governmental, institutional, and commercial installations could
benefit from automation and other technologies used to reduce manpower and
streamline system operation; the ability to effectively employ an automated
foodservice system within a confined [shipboard] area will appeal to the commercial
sector as a cost-effective space optimization measure.
REFERENCES:
1.
"NAVSUP
Advanced Food Study aboard USS McFaul", Naval Supply Systems Command,
Mechanicsburg, PA, September, 1999.
2.
"Modular
Reefer Box Technology Demonstrator", Naval Sea Systems Command,
Affordability Through Commonality Program (PMS 512), Arlington, VA, December,
1997.
3.
“Co-Located
Galley Life Cycle Cost Analysis for the Affordability Through Commonality
Program,” August 1997,prepared by Naval Sea Systems Command, PMS 512 under
Contract # N00024-92-C-4215: TI 6A016.
4.
"Commercial
Applications in Aircraft Carriers", Naval Sea Systems Command, PMS 312,
Arlington, VA, March, 1999, prepared by MSCL Incorporated under Contract #
N00024-95-C-4180: TIs 7J201, 8J008, 8J020, and 8J108.
KEYWORDS:
Automation; food processing; food preparation; food stowage; food procurement; sustainment.
N01-115 TITLE: Human System
Integration Rapid Analysis Tool for Evaluation of System Concepts Early in
Development
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Human Systems
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a computer-based
human systems integration (HSI) tool that supports the rapid assessment of
human performance, health and safety issues, and average expected workload for
a ship manpower optimization concept (or concepts). To accomplish this, the tool should use characteristics of the
tasks, task timelines, situation awareness, and tactical perspective. The tool should produce manpower summaries
for competing automation concepts by NEC and rating, or other suitable
descriptors of the necessary operator/maintainer knowledge, skills, abilities
(KSAs) and experience. The tool should
help assess the extent a design concept enhances or impedes the situation
awareness and tactical perspective.
These outputs should be directly applicable in trade studies assessing
the expected manpower cost and human performance aspects of competing system
concepts. The tool should also provide
the basis for quick assessments of the aspects of a design concept that will
impact human performance, safety, or health in an optimized manning
environment.
DESCRIPTION: Manpower reductions or manpower
optimizations are features of many current Navy acquisition projects. In some
instances, it may be possible to specifically state which watchstanders or
maintainers dedicated to a given shipboard system can be eliminated, provided
the corresponding hardware operations or maintenance activities can be fully
automated, deferred, or otherwise eliminated. More typically, however,
watchstanders or maintainers work across a variety of related systems. In such
cases, system concepts for complete automation, partial automation with
supervisory control, remote operation, reliance on decision support systems,
etc. produce distributed workloads that must be allocated to individuals having
the necessary KSAs, and then rolled up across systems for a given category of
watchstander/maintainer. To perform the
necessary analyses, process-modeling tools have been applied to the CVNX
program, and task network simulation tools have been proposed for application
to DD 21. In both cases, the proposed
tools require fairly extensive knowledge of the sequential or network
properties of the operator and maintainer tasks. This knowledge is seldomly available in the concept definition
and exploration phase. At their best,
these tools require labor intensive and time-consuming data collection efforts.
The
tool to be developed should be specifically tailored for use in the concept
exploration phase of the system acquisition cycle. It will permit rapid approximations of workload and manning
requirements, and the potential for maintaining situation awareness and
tactical perspective of competing system design or automation concepts. The rapid workload analysis element of the
tool should utilize a small number of task and activity parameters, such as
mean duration, task frequency, manloading, and other conditioning factors. The intent should be that the parameter
sets will be amenable to rapid definition using subject matter expert (SME)
inputs regarding predecessor systems, and modification of these parameter sets
for alternative concepts using human role definitions rather than explicit
manned stations or NECs. The tool
should include a database of typical shipboard watchstander and maintainer
tasks with representative parameters and parameter estimation guidance. A simplifying factor that reduces the number
of free parameters to be estimated for a given concept is that for many shipboard
tasks, the task frequencies will be defined or constrained by the use of
mission scenarios. These scenarios
will contain events, such as multi-track engagements or equipment failures,
which call for certain functions in the model to be performed. Therefore, the frequencies of certain tasks
will be amenable to estimation from the scenarios.
Mission
scenarios should also be used to determine the potential for successful task
performance under conditions of tight time constraints and high information
loads. The human performance element of
the assessment tool should focus on the extent to which a design concept
facilitates or impedes human performance for a selected scenario. The tool should contain a data base of
typical shipboard tasks with indications of HSI problems identified in existing
ships and existing implementations of ship systems, with emphasis on the
cognitive aspects of these tasks, such as short term memory, information
integration, decision making, situational awareness, and maintenance of
tactical perspective. The range of HSI
problems catalogued should include human performance problems (human error
incidence, excessive time to perform, excessive cognitive workload, etc.),
safety problems (hazards and accident rates), and health problems (incidence of
ergonomic injuries, heat or cold stress, noise effects, etc.).
PHASE
I: Define the software and
user-computer interface (UCI) requirements and identify the host application
under which the tool will run. The host
should be generally available to prospective users. Define example scenarios,
conditions, functions, tasks for a representative ship and its representative
systems. Develop a model of user-tool
interactions and transactions in representative tool use situations.
PHASE
II: Develop version 1 of the software
and beta test this prototype using input from representative end users. Modify the software accordingly. Define a set of representative systems,
missions, scenarios and functions and populate the function/task database. Develop guidance for estimation of function/task
parameters by applying the software and data to a representative competing
concept evaluation. Produce user guide
documents.
PHASE
III: Produce and market the software
and make it available to suitable Navy agencies and contractors, and promote
the use of the workload/manpower analysis tool in concept evaluation efforts
within selected acquisition programs such as DD 21.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The workload analysis tool
will be applicable to any business process re-engineering initiatives involving
manpower optimization or the analysis of manpower requirements based on
operator/maintainer workloads
KEYWORDS: Manpower; Workload; Human Systems
Integration; Human Reliability; Health and Safety Computer Tool.
N01-116 TITLE: Embedded Training in an
Optimized Manning Environment
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Human Systems
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a methodology for
conducting embedded training in optimized manning environments aboard naval
ships.
DESCRIPTION: Future Navy ships will be operated and
maintained by significantly fewer sailors.
Increasing use of automation, along with improvements in system
reliability are behind this trend. The
next generation of surface ships will increase their use of reliable automation
resulting in the reduction of the number of personnel required to maintain and
operate warfare/warfare-support systems.
This reduction in manning results in fewer people requiring training,
fewer trainers, and the training required involves learning details of
complicated systems. It becomes
apparent that embedded/tightly-integrated training will be required. However, embedded training, to be effective,
must correspond and respond to the new manning environment. The effects of this new environment on
training, particularly embedded training methods and systems, are not well
understood. Team and proficiency
maintenance training in this reduced manning environment will require new
methodologies, since both the number of operators being trained and the
training personnel available to conduct training will be reduced. Current embedded training capabilities, such
as the Advanced Embedded Training (AET) system and the ongoing Synthetic
Cognition for Operational Team Training (SCOTT), need to be extended to ensure
individual competencies and supporting team behaviors can be assessed,
deficiencies diagnosed, and training executed within the lifelines. The research and methodologies generated by
this SBIR will lay the foundation for new training paradigms that will be
effective in this type of environment.
PHASE
I: Research individual and team
training requirements for a reduced-manning Combat Information Center
(CIC). Design, develop, and document a
methodology for conducting scenario-based training, dynamically assessing team
performance, providing real-time feedback, and automatically generating
tailored training for identified deficiencies.
With manning reductions of 70% targeted for DD 21, a commensurate
reduction in training personnel must also be targeted.
The
AET program demonstrated a 50% reduction in trainer resources for training
execution. This was combined with
methodologies that improved teamwork performance by over 30%. However, these advances must be improved and
address not only training execution but planning, debrief, and post-exercise
remediation. This methodology must
include the ability to rapidly generate training scenarios, archive individual
and team performance profiles, associate observed behaviors to approved
training metrics, and automatically generate individual and team training
recommendations. In addition, the
training methodology must accommodate both trainer-augmented and trainer-less
scenario-based training sessions.
PHASE
II: Develop a prototype of the system
described in Phase I. Develop a
detailed design document for the embedded training prototype. Corresponding guidelines or instruction
manuals should also be developed and documented.
PHASE
III: Produce and market the final
system design. Develop design(s) for
implementation into other shipboard teams and other ship classes (CVN, LPD-17,
etc.).
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This methodology will have
applications to military, government and private sector organizations in which
high performance skill retention and/or a high degree of cross training is
applicable.
REFERENCES:
1.
Chief
of Naval Operations (N86) Operational Requirements Document for Land Attack
Destroyer (DD-21) dated 3 December 1996.
2.
Cannon-Bowers,
J. A. & Salas, E. (1998) Individual and team decision making under stress;
Theoretical underpinning. In J. A.
3.
Cannon-Bowers
& E. Salas (Eds.), Making Decisions Under Stress: Implications for
Individual and Team Training. (pp.
17-38). Washington, DC: APA Press.
4.
Dwyer,
D. J., Oser, R. L., Salas, E., & Fowlkes, J. E. (1999). Performance measurement in distributed
environments: Initial results and implications for training. Military Psychology, 11(2), 189-215.
5.
Stretton,
M. L., Johnston, J. H. & Cannon-Bowers, J. A. (1999). Conceptual Architecture for embedded team
training management. Human/Technology
Interaction in Complex Systems, 9, 87-120.
6.
Oser,
R. L., Cannon-Bowers, J. A. Salas, E., & Dwyer, D. (1999). Enhancing human performance in technology
rich environments: Guidelines for
Scenario-Based Training. In E. Salas (Ed.), Human/Technology Interaction
in Complex Systems, (pp. 175-202).
7.
"Decision
Making in the AEGIS Combat Information Center," Hall, J. K., et. Al.,
I/ITSEC Proceedings, 1998.
KEYWORDS:
Onboard Training; Embedded Training; Training Systems; Training Methodologies; Team Training; Scenario Based Training
N01-117 TITLE: Non-Lethal Ship Defense
Response Systems (Anti-surface)
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Weapons
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate non-lethal
anti-surface ship defense weaponry that is compatible with and can be
successfully employed in a shipboard environment with minimal impact to current
ships. At a minimum, weaponry should
provide sufficient deterrent “barrier” capability to permit a ship’s crew to
readily distinguish a determined adversary from a straying civilian.
DESCRIPTION: Surface ships, including surfaced
submarines, are most vulnerable to unconventional attack when they are
anchored, pier side, or forced to transit narrow chokepoints such as the Strait
of Hormuz or the Suez Canal. Current
technology forces commanding officers to rely on manpower intensive use of
picket boats and sentries who have only pyrotechnics, fire hose, or small
caliber live warning shots to fend off approaching persons or surface craft of
unknown intentions. These methods are
not only slow and burdensome in employment but they may also harm the straying
innocent civilian. They are also
unlikely to adequately slow or otherwise permit identification of a determined
adversary at ranges sufficient to permit employment of lethal force. Ship commanding officers require a
non-lethal defensive mechanism that are employable from current ships, in port
and underway, and involve minimal manpower.
Application would be against approaching persons or surface vehicles,
both land and waterborne. The mechanism
need not completely disable a suspect person or vehicle; it must only provide
sufficient discomfort and deterrence such that only a dedicated enemy would
persist in advancing or continuing actions.
Its use must not result in permanent injury. It would be highly desirable if the compactness of the technology
would permit employment from small watercraft and SH-60 class helicopters. Candidate technologies might include a
combination of high velocity water cannon, eye-safe laser dazzlers, high
intensity acoustics, pulsed power and directed energy devices. All such mechanisms must be able to
withstand the rigors of the shipboard environment, be near instantaneous in
reaction time, and variable in intensity such as to provide initial effects at
300 meters and effective deterrence at a range of 150 meters without adversely
effecting own ship crew, ship systems or the environment.
PHASE
I: Develop and vet SBIR test scenarios,
objectives, and requirements. Develop
and demonstrate selected technology(s) to 100-meter range in static test
environment.
PHASE
II: Integrate selected technologies if
required. Demonstrate effectiveness of
selected technologies in simulated shipboard environment to 150-meter range
under all test conditions. Demonstrate safety features. Collect, analyze, and present test data.
PHASE
III: Install prototype system on test
vessel of Navy choice for 6-month evaluation period. Collect, analyze, and present reliability, maintainability, and
availability data.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This technology has wide
application in both government and commercial security business (high value
site protection) and in law enforcement (non-lethal weapons/crowd control).
REFERENCES:
1.
USS
Cole investigative report (in progress).
2.
DD21
Design Reference Mission (DRM) environmental conditions.
KEYWORDS:
Non-lethal weapons; ship defense; counter terrorism weapons; unconventional weapons; barrier defense; trip wire.
N01-118 TITLE: Surveillance of Ship
Security Perimeter While in Port
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a surveillance
system to monitor personnel and small craft activities around the security
perimeter of naval vessels while in port.
The system must be able to detect and track the movements of
non-authorized personnel/craft within the security perimeter. The system should incorporate a
knowledge-base of procedural and intelligence issues tied to surveillance data
to discern movement patterns that will be used to recognize non-authorized
personnel/craft. In addition, the
system should work in conjunction with auxiliary sensors to identify authorized
versus non-authorized personnel. The
perimeter monitoring security system will perform security surveillance,
detection and tracking activities. Its
control interface will be simple to operate and located in in-port manned watch
stations areas convenient to shipboard security personnel. Once identification has been made,
surveillance system interface with non-lethal devices should allow deployment
of the device at crew's discretion in response to various threat conditions.
DESCRIPTION: A perimeter monitoring security system can
be developed to provide dockside and adjacent water coverage for detection and
tracking of unauthorized personnel or vessels within a ship's security perimeter. Simulations should be developed to evaluate
the performance of the candidate surveillance systems for their ability to
provide appropriate detection coverage capabilities such as clutter mitigation
and probability of detection for land-based and water-based targets. The program will require the development of
software that will be able to identify non-authorized personnel along a
dockside and water perimeter, and track their movements inside a security
perimeter. A n easy-to-use perimeter monitoring security system will be developed
which will display, on a dedicated security monitor, the current location and
track history of all non-authorized personnel within the ship's security
perimeter. The system will also provide
visual and auditory alarms of all security perimeter breaches. The perimeter monitoring security system
should coordinate with other shipboard security sensors such as Low-Light
TV/Forward-Looking Infra-Red (FLIR), CCTV, and motion sensors for additional
coverage and identification capabilities.
The prototype perimeter monitoring security system should be a
stand-alone, PC-based system. It should not interfere with other ship radar
activities or other security operations.
PHASE
I: Develop a system concept including
sufficient detail to convey physical and performance characteristics. Evaluate existing surface-search/navigation
radar systems for their suitability in the detection and tracking of
humanƒ{sized targets in a port area. Analyze
the dynamic clutter environment of coverage areas in sample ports, determine
the probability of detection in those
areas, and develop initial clutter models for this environment. Phase I also will include tie-ins to
existing C3I systems and evaluation of existing supplemental sensor systems
such as Low-light TV/Forward-looking Infra-Red (TV/FLIR) sensors.
PHASE
II: Develop a prototype of the
perimeter monitoring security system.
The monitoring system shall be able to detect, track and identify
nonƒ{authorized personnel who breach the land and water perimeter. The perimeter monitoring security system
shall have a user-friendly interface and require minimal training to
operate. During this phase, the
prototype system will be evaluated in sea port trials.
PHASE
III: Develop perimeter monitoring
security system specifications and begin production of security systems for
widespread distribution to the fleet.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Technology developed for
ship perimeter monitoring will transition easily to perimeter monitoring of
other assets, including large land areas of military bases and commercial
properties.
KEYWORDS:
Surveillance Radar, tracking algorithms, radar cross section, clutter, probability of detection, perimeter security
N01-119 TITLE: Simulation
Environment in Support of Non-Cooperative Target Recognition (NCTR) Algorithm
Development
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: DD-21
OBJECTIVE:
To develop and demonstrate a software/hardware simulation environment concept
in support of Radar/IR NCTR algorithm development effort. The simulation
environment must be capable of providing realistic and repeatable sensor
measurements against specific targets in specific geometries and external
environments in realistic processing times, with interfaces that are manageable
by typical users.
DESCRIPTION:
The NCTR problem is one of the most complex issues facing the Navy within the
context of air and space defense. Within the area of air defense, shipboard
sensors may be tasked in discriminating among many complex targets, which may
contain any mixture of friendly, neutral, and hostile populations. To increase
the probability of correct identification, and minimize the probability of
incorrect identification, multiple sensors may have to be employed, and from more
than a single platform. This topic is concerned with the specific combination
of radar and infrared search and track (IRST) sensors, operating from a single
platform. Since the discriminates in questions may be complex and varied,
developing the required algorithms will necessitate the availability of high
fidelity sensor, target, and environment modeling tool, representing both radar
and IRST, which will account for the different sensors and their operating
modes, changing environments – including clutter, propagation, sea, and terrain
– target particulars, and relative geometries. The function to be served by
such a simulation cannot be fully served by field measurement since field
measurements (a) are expensive to obtain, (b) cannot be taken with notional
sensors, (c) cannot cover all geometries, environments, and threats in
question, (d) do not always provide precise knowledge of the geometries
prevailing at the time of the measurement, and (e) are not repeatable. Whereas
the role of the simulation environment is to resolve fundamental issues, help
support the algorithm development, and provide vigorous exercising to the
techniques, the role of field measurements is to provide the final validation
to already developed algorithms.
PHASE
I: Develop a simulation concept in support of NCTR technique development based
on the combination of radar and IRST sensors. Define the required architecture,
including provisions for growth; identify the necessary software/hardware
components; and classify such components by availability vs. need to develop or
extend.
PHASE
II: Construct a simulation prototype and validate its outputs via comparison
with limited live test data. Demonstrate the utility and growth potential of
the simulation prototype via relevant examples of its use.
PHASE
III: Insert the capability in a non-SBIR Navy program in support of air threat
radar/IRST NCTR algorithm development activity. Support the evolution of the
tool through on-going synergy with the NCTR algorithm development program.
Study the potential contribution of additional sensors – co-located or from
distributed platforms - to the NCTR
performance, and expand the simulative tool accordingly.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The resulting tool should have multiple users within all of the
military communities concerned with NCTR issues – i.e., Navy, Air Force, and
Army.
REFERENCES:
1.
Xpatch/Npatch/FISK
SAIC/DEMACO References
2.
Clutter
Modeling References
3.
Radar
Modeling and Simulation References
4.
IRST
Modeling and Simulation References
5.
Propagation
Modeling References
KEYWORDS:
Simulation; Target Signature; Sensor; Environment; Propagation; NCTR; Radar; IRST
N01-120 TITLE: Global
Positioning System (GPS) Jamming Situational Awareness for Naval Surface Fire
Support (NSFS)
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Weapons
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT II - Extended Range Guided
Munition [ERGM]
OBJECTIVE: Develop technologies that will provide users
of Naval Surface Fire Support (NSFS) weapons such as the EX 171 ERGM
situational awareness of the GPS jamming environment. These technologies will provide the ability to measure jamming or
interference of the Global Positioning System (GPS) signals, assess how the
jamming will affect the weapons, and take actions to reduce the impact of
jamming.
DESCRIPTION: New weapons for Naval Surface Fire Support,
such as the EX 171 ERGM, use GPS as their primary means of navigation. The projectiles also carry inertial
instruments that are aligned and calibrated by GPS early in the mission, to
provide back-up navigation if GPS is later jammed. The inertial instruments also provide inertial aiding of the GPS,
increasing its anti-jam performance.
The projectile also has multiple GPS antennas, which permit it to null
the signals from a small number of jammers.
But these weapons have a limited number of antennas and a low goal for
production cost, and so are not invulnerable to GPS jamming. This topic seeks
technologies that will help ships firing NSFS missions to measure the GPS
jamming and interference environment, predict how this environment will affect
weapon performance, and take action to best employ the weapons in the face of
jamming.
The
system should be able to combine organic and off-board sensors to measure
jamming levels, characterize the jamming signals (for example, narrowband vs.
wideband, and directional vs. omnidirectional) and geographically locate the
signals with enough accuracy to predict their effect on the weapons’
receivers. Organic sensors can be
deployed in gun projectiles (free-flying or as a parachute payload), with
weather balloons, or using the Forward Air Support Munition. (FASM is an expendable gun-launched aircraft
under development, capable of carrying a payload 4.5 inch in diameter and 20
inches long and flying for three hours, although a smaller payload would be
desirable, to allow it to be carried along with other mission payloads.) The cost of expendables must be kept low, to
be compatible with the weapons costs themselves. (NSFS must be affordable, and
resources applied to understanding the GPS environment must be balanced against
improved anti-jam capability in the weapon, or the use of more expensive
weapons like Tomahawk.) The ability to
incorporate off-board sensors such as signals intelligence aircraft is
valuable, but the system must be able to operate using organic assets only, and
not depend on scarce manned aircraft or large UAVs.
The
predictive capability should include the following features:
1.
Predict, for a given weapon and class of target, the effectiveness of the
weapon (based on both the probability that the weapon may not acquire GPS
initially, and the loss of accuracy resulting from loss of GPS later in
flight.)
2.
Compare the differing impact of jamming on different versions of the weapon and
different weapons. (Later versions of a weapon may include better anti-jam
equipment or different navigation instruments).
3. Account for
the impact of different trajectories that may be available to the weapon.
4.
Assess the ability to carry out multiple-round-simultaneous-impact firings (a
tactic where multiple rounds are fired at the same target, with earlier round
fired on trajectories that have longer flight times, so all rounds arrive at
about the same time.)
5.
Examine alternative of ship stationing and offset firing to improve anti-jam
performance. This capability will allow ship commanders to improve their weapon
performance by repositioning their ship.
PHASE
I: Develop a system approach for GPS jamming situational awareness, and
establish critical technologies needed to implement this system. Conduct
critical field experiments or bench-scale tests if needed to establish the
feasibility of the approach. Assess the
performance of the approach in a simulation.
PHASE
II: Develop the key technologies
identified in Phase I. Fabricate, test, and evaluate them in a stand-alone
prototype of the system designed in Phase I
PHASE
III: Integrate the prototype system
into the shipboard combat system as a tactical decision aid. Near-term integration will be into the Naval
Fires Control System, which itself is being integrated into the Aegis Combat
System.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: As GPS becomes a greater part of civil aviation, commercial
surveying, and time synchronization of wireless data networks, the necessity
for users and government agencies to quickly locate sources of interference to
GPS is growing. This system will
provide such a capability to the FAA, the FCC, and the end users. More generally, the technologies developed
will also be applicable to location of other sources of radio interference.
KEYWORDS:
Global Positioning System, jamming, interference, situation, awareness, environment
N01-121 TITLE:
Non-GPS Projectile Navigation
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT II - Extended Range Guided
Munition [ERGM]
OBJECTIVE: Proved an alternative navigation approach
for guided projectiles, to provide for situations where the GPS signal is
unusable because of enemy jamming.
DESCRIPTION: GPS jamming is a significant threat, and
countering jamming is the focus of substantial research, development, test, and
evaluation effort. GPS-guided weapons,
including projectiles, incorporate anti-jam features that go far to mitigate
this threat. However, a determined
enemy can still jam GPS. This is a
particular concern for developers of gun projectiles, because the projectile is
designed as a “wooden round” with a 20-year shelf life. Projectiles are bought in a large lot and
stored with no maintenance and no opportunities to backfit improved antijam
features. Gun projectiles are expected
to be low cost, and it is not feasible or cost-effective to pull projectiles
from inventory, disassemble them (with due regard for their explosive warhead
and energetic rocket motor), and install upgrades. For this reason, the NSFS program desires that projectiles
contain an approach to navigation that is independent of GPS, and can function
despite the best effort of an enemy 20 years in the future to jam GPS.
PHASE
I: Develop an approach to navigating in a jamming environment that makes GPS
totally unavailable. (GPS anti-jam
approaches are not desired in this topic.
Neither are GPS signal augmentation and “pseudolites” approaches, since
theses are already being developed in other efforts and additional work in this
area is not desired). The most
important requirement for the approach chosen is that it fit inside the
projectile, in all ways. That is, it
must physically fit, it must function in the projectiles environment including
surviving gun launch, and it must fit the projectile’s cost budget, adding no
more than about $5000 to the cost in production quantities of 10,000
units. After this constraint, it is
desired to minimize the external support required to permit non-GPS navigation. So, an approach that reduces the need to
deploy or survey-in base stations is desirable, as is an approach that uses
cooperative or non-cooperative signals of opportunity. (The jammers themselves can be used as
signals of opportunity, but with due consideration for the difficulty in
“surveying in” these emitters.)
Finally, within these constraints, accuracy comparable to GPS is
desired, with degradation to 50 meters CEP allowable if necessary. In Phase I, the contractor should
demonstrate the feasibility of the proposed concept through analysis,
simulation, and conduct of critical experiments. Critical experiments should
show that the observable that the navigation system measures can in fact be
detected and measured by the projectile with sufficient accuracy to support
navigation.
PHASE
II: Develop a prototype of a navigator
that uses the approach demonstrated in Phase I. Characterize its performance, and determine the operational
conditions under which it will and will not function properly. The prototype need not be miniaturized to fit
in a projectile but there must be a clear path to a projectile-sized
navigator. The design and prototype may
assume the projectile has a GPS receiver including frequency reference and
antennas, low-grade inertial navigator, flight control computer, power, and
digital interface for initialization; development effort should focus on
components beyond this baseline. To
ensure low cost and small volume, approaches that reuse much of the GPS
receiver, and approaches that are based on a large-volume commercial production
base, are encouraged.
PHASE
III: The navigation capability
developed by the contractor would be used in the EX 171 Extended Range Guided
Munition and in the projectile for the Advanced Gun System, with additional
applicability to the Army XM 982 “Excalibur” and Navy Advanced Land Attack
Missile.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The navigation technique
developed in this topic will have applicability to the following areas:
1.
Very low cost navigation in devices that already receive a non-GPS signal, such
as portable telephones, wireless data devices, and instrumentation systems
2.
Backup or cross-check to GPS for safety-critical installations.
3.
Navigation in areas not well-covered by GPS—indoors, in urban “canyons”, or in
open-pit mines.
4.
Ground-truth for testing of GPS systems, especially conducting tests that
assess susceptibility of commercial GPS systems to interference.
KEYWORDS:
Navigation, GPS, ranging, jamming, accuracy,
N01-122 TITLE: Modeling
High-Temperature Erosive Gas Flow to Support Barrel Erosion Reduction Concept
Modeling for Fire Support Gun Application
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT II - Gun Weapon Systems
Technology program
OBJECTIVE:
Develop the modeling and analysis tools needed to implement erosion-prevention
technologies. These tools will be used to explore new concepts of barrel
materials, coatings, linings, rifling, and interior geometry and their
interaction with high-energy, high-temperature propellants and high firing
rates. They will be applied to upgrades to existing guns such as the Mk 45
5-inch gun, and to the new 155-mm Advanced Gun System for DD 21. The tools will
allow these programs to select and justify the correct combination of
technologies to extend the erosion-limited life of the barrel, while having a
minimum impact on operational utility (such as the ability to fire both
spin-stabilized and despun projectiles), ease of fabrication, and barrel
fatigue life.
DESCRIPTION:
Next generation high energy guns, for reasons of efficiency, range, and cost
will fire projectiles with fast burning, densely packed, high temperature
propellants. These propellants will allow guns to produce 80 to 100% more
muzzle energy than using today’s propellant technology. Unfortunately these
performance improvements come at the cost of higher propellant gas
temperatures. Current known propellant chemistries all produce higher internal
energy along with p-V, work energy. Traditional methods of formulating a
propellant with a cooling agent of some sort are limited because of the need to
maintain high overall energy density. Additionally, high loading density
geometries, which increase muzzle energy even more effectively than high-energy
chemistry, place even greater heat loads on the barrel.
Currently,
barrel designs that incorporate refractory or ceramic-like materials are being
considered to remedy this situation. All these concepts can be expected to
require a considerable investment in new material and manufacturing
technologies. What is being sought in this topic is the development of a
high-fidelity computer modeling tool that draws on state-of-the-art coupling of
computational fluid dynamics and finite element modeling, incorporating results
from the data analysis of ongoing government development efforts, plus any key
experiments the contractor requires.
This modeling tool will then be used to compare and assess the gains in
erosion life resulting from various combinations of innovative
erosion-reduction technologies applied to the Mk 45 Mod 4 and the Advanced Gun
System (AGS). It is expected that through a host of unexplored design solutions
such as geometry changes in barrel hot sections, rifling profile modifications
with accompanying obturator designs, hot section surface coatings, and boundary
layer additives that the near-term need of improving the Mk 45 Mod 4 erosion life
by 100% can be met.
PHASE
I: Create a physics-based parametric model of the gun barrel erosion process
and calibrate it against a GFI data set based upon actual test firing and
rocket nozzle erosion experiments. (The Naval Surface Fire Support program is
currently conducting firing tests to assess the erosion problem and develop
near-term solutions. Phase I and Phase II of this SBIR will have access to this
data.) The model should account for effects such as barrel material and
coatings, propellant properties of impetus and flame temperature, and gas flow
and boundary layer effects. The model
should be focused on representing the operating regime of 5-inch and 155 mm
Naval guns, with sufficient scope for growth so that the model is a
forward-looking tool that will support innovations and improvements to these
guns. Validate the model against additional GFI data and against a
higher-fidelity (but less easily used) modeling approach such as a
first-principles computational fluid dynamic (CFD) analysis of current Mk 45
Mod 4 rifled and smooth bore gun tube.
This validation will both show the correctness of the implementation of
the parametric model, and will provide a first look at its utility as a tool
for understanding the causes of erosion and for developing engineering fixes to
problems.
PHASE
II: Create a first-principles computational fluid dynamics code that predicts
barrel erosion predictions in Mk 45 and AGS gun systems. Because boundary layer
and turbulent flow effects are believed to be critical contributors to erosion,
this code must accurately model these effects in two dimensions. However, the erosion predictions need only
be 1-D results, estimating the severity of erosion at stations along the length
of the barrel. The physical and thermal model of the barrel must be able to
support steel barrels with linings or coatings that have thermo-chemistry very
different from steel. This model shall
be calibrated against the Phase I experimental data and against other
physically based models in ab initio calculations. The model should be suitable
for erosion-limiting design concepts in the existing Mk 45 Mod 4 gun system.
So, it should be able to simulate firing of 40, 100, and 150 pound projectiles
(representing the Barrage Round demonstration projectile, the Extended Range
Guided Munition (ERGM) and the “Best Buy” demonstration projectile). These simulations should be at 18 to 25 MJ
of muzzle energy, with proposed Navy propellant thermo-chemistries having maximum
propellant flame temperatures of 3600 K.
PHASE
III: The code developed in this SBIR shall be transitioned to interested
contractors to aid them in evaluation and design of erosion reduction schemes,
to government laboratories for the evaluation in barrel lifetime and wear
investigations, and to the procurement process to improve the process of
setting meaningful specifications, identifying MANTECH issues, and aiding the
design evaluation process in this area.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Advanced thermo-chemical modeling in high temperature, high pressure,
high carbon/ hydrogen atmosphere is directly applicable to thermal erosion
problems in most internal combustion engines utilizing hydrocarbon fuels. The
higher operating temperatures and pressures of guns represent the range of
operation that higher efficiency engines are already moving toward. Special
coatings and shapes such as are being modeled here will be directly applicable
to next generation, hotter, high efficiency engines.
KEYWORDS:
Computational Fluid Dynamics, Thermal Erosion, Thermo- Structural, Thermo-chemical, Gun, Rifling
N01-123 TITLE:
Wireless Audio/Video Headsets
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS PROGRAM: PEO Aircraft Carriers
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate wireless,
full-motion, two way un-tethered, lightweight, portable audio/video headset
compatible with existing aircraft carrier wireless interior communication
systems (includes flight deck). Build a prototype and production model to
demonstrate/field this capability.
DESCRIPTION:
A need exists to provide wireless full motion, two way un-tethered audio/video
in US Navy utilizing the existing interior wireless communications (includes
flight deck) Radiating Transmission Line (RTL) as a wireless LAN with an
interface to the ship’s video Tele-conference (VTC) and exterior communications
equipment. This capability would
provide distant mobile Tele-Medicine, Tele-Maintenance, and damage control
search & rescue in smoke and darkness.
Develop recommended policy, procedures, specifications, and other
required guidance to provide a selection process for addition of system on the
wireless LAN. This is required to
ensure configuration management, spectrum support, power level requirements,
interoperability with existing systems, notional design, audio levels, video
resolution, radio frequency environment, and Electro-Magnetic Interference
(EMI), within the RTL and within the ship.
Determine hardware requirements including interface hardware, recording
equipment and all logistics support (parts, manning, and training) to implement
on board aircraft carriers. Areas of risk include radio frequency environment,
and Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI) within the RTL and within the ship,
capacity of Hydra RTL antenna to support multiple wireless devices, lack of
spectrum support, Infra-Red spectrum, human factors interface (equipment
weight, battery life, ease of operation).
PHASE
I: Feasibility demonstration. Develop
recommended policy, procedures, specifications, and other required guidance to
provide a selection process for addition of this and similar systems on the
wireless LAN. Design and conduct a feasibility study in a US Navy aircraft
carrier. Determine spectrum support,
power level requirements, interoperability with existing systems including the
ship’s VTC and Damage Control Self Contained Breathing Apparatus (SCBA),
notional design, audio levels, video resolution, model the radio frequency
environment, Infra-Red detection, and Electro-Magnetic Interference (EMI),
within the RTL and within the ship (includes flight deck). Determine recording
equipment requirements. Develop test procedures to determine that the
engineering design meets or exceeds the requirements for operation throughout
an aircraft carrier with a Hydra Block II RTL antenna system when the prototype
is tested in phase II. The Phase I final report should include an analysis of
alternative concepts as well as an assessment of cost.
PHASE
II: Application demonstration. Design and develop a compatible wireless full
motion, two way un-tethered audio/video into a suitable headset prototype
device. The prototype should be
lightweight, less than 15 oz. and user friendly. Design and develop the interface hardware to the ship’s RTL
antenna and the VTC equipment. Demonstrate the prototype headset, interface and
recording equipment on an aircraft carriers RTL antenna system. Document all lessons learned for analysis
and improvements during phase III. Provide a detailed engineering report of
this testing. The Phase II final report should include an execution plan for
Phase III, including cost and schedule.
PHASE
III: TRANSITION TO PRODUCT DEMONSTRATION.
Design and develop the production model headset, interface hardware and
recording equipment. Develop full
logistics support requirements (parts, manning, training) to implement on board
aircraft carriers in accordance with NAVSEAINST 9083.1 (series) and other Navy
guidance. Develop an implementation plan including estimated cost to
procure/install on board aircraft carriers. Develop other appropriate Navy documentation
to support a Navy program of record as required.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The commercial derivative of this device would have widespread
application in public safety.
REFERENCES:
1.
AN/SRC-55
HYDRA COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
2.
NAVSEA
DRAWING 53711-409-7338847
3.
AN/SRC-55
Operational Requirements Document 430-06-96 dtd Mar 1966
4.
Technical
Manuals – COMMNET ERICSSON EDACS COMMUNICATIONS SYSTEM
KEYWORDS: Interior Communications; Wireless Video; Damage Control, Tele-Medicine, Tele-Maintenance
N01-124 TITLE:
Advanced Power Distribution Systems
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT ID
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate an improved power
distribution system that is more survivable, reduces equipment volume and
weight, while reducing electric equipment outages during electrical system
anomalies. The distribution hardware in
presently configured systems utilizing solid state power supplies in the less
that 50 kVA range does not provide the necessary electrical protection during
short circuits. A new solid state
distribution system should increase the electrical system survivability during
system anomalies by providing improved fault detection time, improved fault
isolation time, and a reduction in the interruption of power to unaffected
electrical loads.
The
function of the advanced power distribution system is to: (1) receive power
from a power source; (2) distribute power to various power consuming loads via
a solid state power controller; and (3) protect power consumers from system
anomalies. The system will have to: (1)
perform these functions over an acceptable long period under typical operating
and environmental conditions; (2) have an operator interface; (3) interface
with electrical power sources, loads, and digital communication systems; and
(4) have various mechanical interfaces.
DESCRIPTION: The science and technology investment
strategies have identified a need for technology development in the area of
power and automation. The specific
focus includes advanced electrical systems in the area of power distribution
concepts, which are highly survivable and provide uninterruptable electrical
power. Present electrical systems are
being modified through the increased use of uninterruptable power supplied in
small, distributed, radial designs. To
ensure survivable and uninterruptable power during anomalies such as short
circuits, the electrical protection system must ensure continuity of the
electric power supply by isolating damaged sections of the system. Uninterruptable power supplying small (such
as 5 kVA, 10 kVA, 15 kVA) systems are in a radial configuration.
The
primary low voltage (nominal 120 vac), overcurrent and short circuit protection
device utilized is the Navy ALB-1 circuit breaker manufactured in accordance
with MIL-C-17588. Utilization of 5 kVA,
10 kVA, 15 kVA uninterruptable power supplies does not provide enough short
circuit current to trip the larger size ALB-1 circuit breakers during short
circuit conditions. Failure to
"trip" circuit breakers supplying loads during these short circuit
conditions will cause power supplies to shut down under overcurrent conditions
and will secure power to all the loads being supplied by the power supply. The development of a low power electronic
power controller will substantially improve overcurrent and short circuit
protection of low voltage and low power systems by replacing electro-mechanical
devices with non moving, silent operation electronic devices. The notional distribution system would be a
new power panel consisting of: an enclosure; thermal management system;
backplane used to receive and distribute power; plug in electronic power
controller consisting of multiple single pole electronic switches mounted on
circuit card assemblies; and control/power management/intelligence to allow
manual and automatic settings. A
secondary advance will be the development of an integral circuit breaker/motor
starter. This device will provide
overcurrent, short circuit, motor starting capabilities and will replace two
pieces of equipment with one, thus reducing equipment and cable installation.
The
system must operate within typical natural and induced environments such as
high shock (MIL-S-901), vibration (MIL-STD-167-1), electromagnetic interference
(MIL-STD-461), ambient temperatures ranging from 0 to 50 degree C, humidity
ranging from 0 to 100% including conditions wherein condensation takes place in
or on the equipment, and inclined up to 45 degrees from the vertical in any
direction. The operator should be able
to interface locally and remotely (via a communication port). Local control and indication should be
included. The electrical power
interfaces are described in MIL-STD-1399, Section 300A. Communication to external control and
monitoring systems should be in accordance with industry methodologies and
standards. Mechanical interfaces
include physical mounting as well as connections to typical copper conductor
cables having 90 degree C insulation systems.
The
power controller should mimic the performance of electro-mechanical circuit
breakers, thermal relays, fuses, and motor controllers. The function of the calibrated, resettable
power controller is to: (1) operate as a configurable / adjustable /
intelligent sensing device; 2) operate as a independent switching device
(on/off); (3) operate as a automatic high speed (less than 8 millisecond
including fault detection and interrupt time) circuit interrupter by
interrupting abnormally high operating currents or short circuits; and (4)
operate as a motor controller.
The
control, sensing, and intelligence function of power controller is to: (1) configure the system via a control
management function to allow for the switching devices to operate as multiple
single pole devices, multiple two pole devices, and/or multiple three pole
devices; (2) interrogate voltages and currents through the device; (3) make
informed decisions based on user inputs/settings, time vs. current
characteristics, di/dt characteristics (change in current with respect to
time), and/or artificial intelligence techniques; and (4) provide trip commands
to the interrupting device upon exceeding adjustable thresholds. Short circuit
current conditions warranting an instantaneous “trip” signal to the
interrupting device should be made within 7 milliseconds (design goal of
approximately ½ 60 Hz cycle) of the fault inception. Adjustable thresholds include: (1) continuous current operation
(adjustable from 0.1 to 50 amperes); (2) instantaneous current trip (adjustable
from 1 to 1500 amps); (3) short time current trip (adjustable 1 to 1500 amps);
(4) long time current trip (adjustable, 100% to 125% of continuous current
setting; and (5) adjustable time delay to prevent nuisance tripping or improve
coordination with other devices (such as 30 to 120 milliseconds with +/- 5
millisecond tolerance). The unit must
be capable of operating in overcurrent conditions, not be affected by non
linear loading conditions (including 6 pulse rectified loads) and preventing
nuisance tripping upon power up conditions (such as inhibit temporarily the
instantaneous trip function on a power controller “turn on”, or inhibit
function when no or low current has been present but an inrush of current is
sensed indicating a remote device being turned on).
The
switching device function is accomplished through the use of multiple single
pole solid state devices nominally rated at 50 amps continuous operation at 50
degrees C without overheating. The
device should have an endurance and a reliability that exceeds circuit breaker
and contactors of similar rating and size.
Along with operation as a switch, the device should operate as a circuit
interrupter.
The
circuit interrupting device function should operate in conjunction with the
control/sensing/intelligence function. The device should interrupt average
three phase symmetrical currents up to 1500 amps (assuming an X/R value of 6.6,
design goal should be 5000 amps at same X/R ratio). In later versions of the power controller, the device should also
integrate motor controller functions.
In the motor controller mode, the device must act as a switch (mimic a
contactor), overload device (mimic thermal overload protection such as
“heaters”) and a short circuit interrupter (mimic an instantaneous trip circuit
breaker). The device should open or close within 2 milliseconds after receipt
of commanded position and open within 1 millisecond of a “trip” command. Local control (on/off/reset) and indication
(on/off/trip) should be included with each power controller.
PHASE
I: Develop a 125 vac/25 kVA/60 Hz power
panel having the innovative design features of completely solid state
components, fault tolerant, self diagnostic, low total ownership cost,
reliable, maintainable, testable, producible, and based on open systems
designs/architectures. In Phase I,
develop a detail design (to meet shipboard environmental conditions) of the
power panel complete with enclosure, backplane, thermal management, power
supplies, circuit interrupting devices, and associated operator interface, and
monitoring/control hardware/software.
Prototype panel will be fabricated and tested to demonstrate concept
feasibility and demonstrate 60% to 80% reduction in short circuit fault
detection and interruption time when compared to comparable electro-mechanical
circuit breakers. Suggested maximum width should be 15 inches (if
practicable). Total volume should be
minimized (existing panels are approximately 1900 cubic inches). Total weight should be minimized (existing
panel and breakers are approximately 40 pounds total). Fabrication of equipment should include a
modular power panel assembly that consists of field replaceable power
controller, an enclosure, backplane, field replaceable power supply (for local
“house keeping”) and operator interface.
The power controller should be set of a minimum of three (3) solid state
components acting as a single pole device.
These three components could be mounted to circuit card assemblies or
equivalent. The circuit card assemblies
would include the control, power management, and intelligence. The card would
be stiffened, would include a back mounted connector that mates to the
backplane, have a thermal management interface, and have a mechanical interface
with the enclosure. The enclosure should house all associated components
(including at least 3 power controllers), allow for mechanical/electrical input
and output power connections, allow for remote control via communication
port(s), have a mechanical interface to allow for mounting on a wall or
bulkhead, and utilize appropriate thermal management techniques. The backplane, mounted within the enclosure,
could use advanced bus bar techniques to provide power distribution and circuit
interrupter device control connections.
The backplane should demonstrate significant advantages in integrating
external connections, integrating internal connections, and providing the power
controller device interface. A power supply (with a minimum of stored energy to
ride through source disturbances) and operator interface to allow for local
operation and settings should be provided. The Phase I final report should
include an assessment of cost.
PHASE
II: Develop nominal 10 circuit, 450
vac/100 kVA/60 and 400 Hz power panel complete enclosure, back plane, thermal
management, power supply, integral circuit protection/interrupting/motor starting
devices, and associated operator interface, and monitoring/control
hardware/software. Interrupt device rating should be increased to interrupt
5000 amps average three phase symmetrical(assuming X/R of 6.6, design goal
should be 13000 amps at same X/R ratio).
A neutral bus capability should be added to demonstrate 208 volt, 4 wire
applications. Total volume should be minimized (existing panels are
approximately 2500 cubic inches). Total
weight should be minimized (existing panel and breakers are approximately 68
pounds total). Prototype panel will be
fabricated and tested to demonstrate concept feasibility. Demonstrate further reduction in short
circuit detection and interruption time.
Determine the survivability, reliability and reusability characteristics. The Phase II final report should include an
execution plan for Phase III, including cost and schedule.
PHASE
III: Demonstrate producibility and
develop an implementation plan for new production and replace via new
design/retrofit application.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The commercial derivative of
the power panel could be developed to support residential, light industrial,
aircraft, and pleasure craft applications.
KEYWORDS: Electrical Power; Electrical Distribution; Electrical Protection
N01-125 TITLE: Scale Prevention in
Seawater and Freshwater Flushed Shipboard Sanitary Waste Systems
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT ID, PEO Aircraft Carriers
OBJECTIVE: To develop an innovative system or product
that can be used to alter or otherwise change the character of flushing water
(seawater and freshwater) supplied to shipboard urinals and water closets, in
both gravity flush and vacuum flush systems, to reduce scale build-up in
collection piping. The performance of
the system or product shall be such that no more than 1/16-inch of scale
build-up forms in the sanitary waste system piping within a period of six (6)
months. To ensure the ability of ships
to discharge sanitary waste overboard is not impacted, the system or product
shall not significantly change the character of the sanitary waste effluent
discharged overboard (i.e. pH and biodegradability) from that of existing ship
generated sewage waste. The system or
product shall be compatible with the sanitary waste piping systems (Military
Specification MIL-T-16420K (SH) and Military Standard MIL-STD-278F(SH) apply)
or its components such as valves (Military Specification MIL-V-24509A applies),
cast bronze fittings (ASTM B 61-93 applies), and sewage pumps (Military
Specification MIL-P-24475 (SHIPS) applies).
DESCRIPTION: Scale build-up in sanitary waste collection
piping on Navy ships is a significant maintenance burden on ship’s force and
shore maintenance activities. Scale
forms in both gravity (seawater flush) collection, holding and transfer (CHT)
systems and vacuum (fresh water flush) CHT systems. The scale has to be hydroblasted or chemically cleaned out of the
piping, which is costly and time consuming.
Citric acid scale prevention tablets are currently used for scale
prevention. The citric acid tablet
provides some relief from scale development (reducing the rate of scale
development and changing the form of the scale to a softer easier to remove
form), but has not completely eliminated the need to periodically clean scale
from piping. In addition, the citric
acid tablet is expensive (one tablet per day can be required in a high use
urinal) and takes a significant amount of crew time to manually dispense.
A
system or product is needed that would significantly reduce or eliminate the
formation of scale in the sanitary waste drain lines on Navy ships. Both systems (mechanisms installed in the
flushing water or sanitary drain system) and products (tablets, liquids, etc.
to be dispensed into the flushing water or drain piping) are acceptable. However, the system or product should be
effective at scale prevention, safe for Sailor use, easily dispensed (no Sailor
intervention is preferred), required in a minimal quantity to save valuable
storage space onboard ship, affordable, and shall not significantly change the
character of the waste effluent (e.g. pH, biodegradability, etc.). The goal is to save valuable maintenance
time for the Sailors and reduce or eliminate the need to clean scale.
PHASE
I: Develop system or product (and
dispensing system if required) that will work in conjunction with existing Navy
technology to prevent scale development in the drainage piping from urinals and
water closets in both gravity and vacuum sanitary systems onboard Navy ships of
all sizes. The system or product should
require little or no input from the crew and be long lasting so as to require
little or no replenishment. The system
or product should also be environmentally friendly, in that it causes no
additional concerns about discharge of the resultant sanitary waste at sea or
pierside. The Phase I final report should include an analysis of alternative
concepts as well as an assessment of cost.
PHASE
II: Conduct at sea test and
demonstration, commencing with shipboard installation of the system or product
on all the toilets and urinals (except those toilets and urinals designated as
controls for test result comparison purposes) of an active duty Navy
platform. NAVSEA PMS307 shall
coordinate shipboard installation and test.
This installation will be to prove that the system significantly reduces
scale build-up and requires no replenishment for at least six (6) months or the
time period of a Naval Aircraft Carrier deployment. The Phase II final report
should include an execution plan for Phase III, including cost and schedule.
PHASE
III: After verifying the effectiveness
and compatibility of the system or product with Navy sanitary waste systems,
demonstrate its producibility and develop an implementation plan for Fleet wide
implementation of the system or product.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This technology will be applicable
to any boat or ship that utilizes seawater or freshwater as a flushing
medium. It shall also be applicable to
both gravity CHT and vacuum CHT systems.
Private boats with water closets should be able to easily install the
system or product and not have to worry about scale build-up in their
piping. Private shipping lines would be
another potential customer.
REFERENCES:
1.
OPNAVINST
5090.1B discusses the discharge requirements for sanitary waste systems onboard
Navy vessels. The Navy has several
documents addressing scale build-up in sanitary waste collection piping.
KEYWORDS: Scale; Sewage; Hydroblasting; Chemical Cleaning; Citric Acid Tablet; Sanitary Waste System
N01-126 TITLE:
Advanced Treatment Technology for Shipboard Non-Oily Wastewater
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT ID, PMS 378
OBJECTIVE: To develop a system to treat shipboard
non-oily wastewater and provide an effluent stream that is suitable for reuse
or unrestricted discharge. The
discharged effluent quality should be appropriate for unrestricted discharge in
coastal waters (Biochemical Oxygen Demand (BOD5)<30mg/l, Total Suspended
Solids (TSS)<30mg/l, and Fecal Coliforms (FC)<200 colonies per 100ml)
which meets or exceeds the MSD requirements listed in the reference.
DESCRIPTION: Current Navy ships are designed and built
with Collection, Holding and Transfer (CHT) systems that include the tankage
required to hold ship-generated sewage for 12 hours. This sizing is based on the maximum expected transit time for the
3 nautical mile (nm) no-discharge, contiguous zone from shore. It is anticipated that effluent quality
based on Uniform National Discharge Standards (UNDS) will require that the
no-discharge zone be extended to 12 nm, and that graywater (wastewater from
showers, galley, scullery, deck drains, laundry and lavatories) generated
onboard be treated or held when the ship is in this zone. The holding capacity of existing ships is
insufficient to meet the anticipated regulations without wastewater treatment. The most promising technology for treating
shipboard non-oily wastewater evaluated to date is the membrane bioreactor
(MBR). An aerobic bioreactor is used to
pre-treat incoming wastewater so that in-tank membranes can separate solids,
bacteria and other contaminants from the effluent stream. The MBR has limitations, including foam
control, long-term membrane fouling, and the sensitivity of the biomass to
chemical shocks that can occur in graywater drains. In addition, the Navy is demonstrating microwave technology for
the incineration of shipboard non-oily wastewater.
An
alternative non-oily wastewater treatment process that separates clean effluent
from its contaminants without reliance on the MBR may provide a more rugged
system that is more easily automated to satisfy reduced manning
requirements. Additionally, to support
the goal of an environmentally sound ship, reuse of system effluent for
technical purposes such as sanitary flushing or equipment washdown would be
advantageous. Non-oily wastewater
potentially could include certain metals, AFFF, and machinery oils, and the
treatment equipment should be capable of handling these constituents without
damage to its components or violation of effluent quality limits.
PHASE
I: Develop a conceptual design of a
system that meets the functional requirements for wastewater treatment of
typical navy non-oily wastewater (graywater plus blackwater). System should be able to meet discharge
criteria for coastal waters of the U. S.
In conjunction with the design, a plan for any subsequent treatment
necessary for potential reuse of the treated water should be provided. Reuse would be restricted to technical
purposes (i.e., sanitary flushing header, equipment washdown, etc.). The Phase
I final report should include an assessment of cost.
PHASE
II: Build and test a pilot-scale system that incorporates the critical
technologies to prove that the conceptual design works as intended. Conduct pierside testing on actual shipboard
waste streams and collect test data to accurately outline a full scale ship
system design with the anticipated component sizes, weight, and power
requirements, and auxiliary system interfaces.
This phase will support development of full-scale equipment for a
specific ship application along with the information necessary for the Navy to
determine whether to move forward with this technology. The Phase II final
report should include an execution plan for Phase III, including cost and
schedule.
PHASE
III: After verifying the effectiveness
of the system and compatibility of the system, demonstrate the producibility
and develop an implementation plan for fleet-wide implementation of the system
or product.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This technology will be
applicable to any boat or ship that requires wastewater treatment, and should
prove to be very efficient from the standpoints of size, weight, and power
requirements. It would also be useful
in industrial applications where water reuse could increase profitability by
reducing required municipality support in water supply and wastewater treatment
areas.
REFERENCES:
1.
OPNAVINST
5090.1B discusses the discharge requirements for sanitary waste systems onboard
Navy vessels.
KEYWORDS: Sewage, Graywater, Blackwater, Treatment, Wastewater, Reuse
N01-127 TITLE:
Tactical Sonar Data Fusion
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Human Systems
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: AN/SQQ-89A(V)15
OBJECTIVE: Enable sonar analysts to review, integrate,
and make rapid tactical decisions based on detection and classification
information from multiple undersea warfare acoustic sensors.
DESCRIPTION: The future surface ship Undersea Warfare
(USW) combat system will consist of multiple hull-mounted, off-board and towed
array sensors providing inputs to multiple active and passive signal processing
functional segments. Acoustic sensors
will cover a frequency range of over 14 octaves and signal processing segments
provide traditional acoustic displays and automated classification data from
diverse USW functions, including monostatic/bistatic active, torpedo defense,
passive ASW, and airborne sensors.
Current implementations provide independent displays for each
sensor/processing function and require the sonar analyst to manually synthesize
the acoustic scene. Functional segments
available for data fusion include; passive acoustic contacts, active acoustic
contacts, torpedo like contacts and radar contacts. Sensors available for
fusion include hull array, towed array, acoustic intercept sensor, radar,
underwater phone and off-board sonobuoy sensors. This effort will develop new
technologies to provide the analysts with a consolidated underwater picture of
USW sensor data. Technologies that need to be developed include; drill down
information/display hierarchy, radar/sonar contract fusion, novel display
concepts and color mapping innovations for added operator visualization.
PHASE
I: Develop a system design for consolidating acoustic displays and automated
processing measurements from the full complement of USW sensors and processing
functional segments. Objective of this effort shall be performed without
increasing current manpower allocations or watch standers billets. At the same
time, this effort needs to provide displays that our operator oriented from a
geo-situational contact basis. Phase I shall define the information processing algorithms
required associating data from these diverse acoustic sensors and functional
segments.
PHASE
II: Implement and test a prototype USW data fusion capability as described in
Phase I in a laboratory environment. Demonstrate performance with recorded at-sea
data from surface ship USW sensors on the prototype lab system. Compute
performance metrics for the implemented data fusion and displays
PHASE
III: Integrate a USW data fusion capability into the AN/SQQ-89(V) surface ship
USW combat system. Install and test the real-time prototype system on a grey
boat as directed by PMS 411 for at-sea test.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This system could be applied in any complex system that requires
analyst to merge data from multiple detection or imaging sensors.
KEYWORDS:
Automation, acoustic sensors, information processing, real-time, fusion, and sonar
N01-128 TITLE: Novel Approaches for
Automated Information Processing of Active Sonar Data
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT II, AN/SQQ-89A(V)15
OBJECTIVE: Investigate and develop new automation techniques for the analysis of active sonar matched filter data to discriminate target returns from clutter.
DESCRIPTION:
A crucial problem in active sonar is discrimination of targets from clutter,
especially in littoral regions which have many confusable features. The
receiver function that facilitates target identification, typically following
beamforming and matched filtering, is referred to as Information Processing
(IP). Even systems with large transmitter source level, extensive bandwidth, or
high gain receive arrays cannot be effective without a reliable IP function.
Active information processing in past systems has been primarily focused on
parameterized methods measuring features within the matched filter, or
threshold crossing data, or tuned neural networks.
New
active information processing methods are sought for automation and clue
processing of active return data from low speed targets in littoral
environments. R&D innovations are
specifically needed to deal with the technical uncertainties of bistatic and
multi-static systems now in development. There is a need to reduce the
technical risks associated with these types of systems due to complex acoustic
propagation, bottom interaction, waveform distortion, and loss of signal
coherence due to multipath. . As
indicated in the references, a significant R&D challenge is false alarm
reduction. The littoral environment presents
the further complications of convolved noise and non-stationarity, for which
optimum processing solutions are not available in the literature. Technical parameters of interest are:
operating frequency bands of 50 to 6000 Hz, Doppler processing for target
speeds from 0-10 knots, waveform types including continuous wave and swept frequency
modulation, sensor types including hull-mounted and towed arrays with up to 400
sensor channels.
Offerors
should propose novel information processing approaches which would specifically
reduce the technical risks presented by low Doppler target processing in
littoral areas. Proposed techniques
should be theoretically well founded and show feasibility for robust
performance across the range of Navy sonar operating environments, without
extensive tuning or reliance on frequent operator adjustment. Proposed
algorithms must be capable of running effectively in real-time on modern
processors. IP processing techniques for low and middle frequency, and proposed
wide bandwidth systems are of interest.
PHASE
I: Develop and describe the theory and proposed implementation of the selected
information processing algorithms. Demonstrate prototype processing on
synthetic data. Develop computational timing and sizing metrics and sonar
performance metrics for the implemented algorithms.
PHASE
II: Implement the proposed algorithms in a lab environment. Conduct processing
on sea data from active systems (to be provided by the Navy). Compute
performance metrics for the implemented algorithms.
PHASE
III: Implement the successful information processing algorithms for real-time
execution in a fielded system. Install and test the real-time prototype system
on a Navy-specified platform for at sea testing.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Commercial acoustic imaging sonar suffer the same requirement to
discriminate targets from clutter. The results of this task could vastly
improve fish-finding sonar, sub-bottom sediment classifying sonar, bathymetry
swath sonar, buried object detection sonar, and harbor survey sonar.
REFERENCES:
1.
Stanton,
T.K., Acoustic Classification of Irregular Bodies, Woods Hole Oceanographic
Inst., 1996, (NTIC AD-B206 613L).
2.
Coon,
A.C., Survey of Classification Techniques for Impulsively Activated Sonar
System with Applications to Extended Echo Ranging (EER) and Improved EER
(IEER), Johns Hopkins University, Applied Physics Lab., Aug. 1996,
APL90-20595-013 (NTIC AD-C057 339).
KEYWORDS:
Active sonar; Signal Processing; Real-Time; Information processing; Algorithms; Underwater Acoustics
N01-129 TITLE:
Thermal Stress Management of Infrared (IR) Windows
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT I: PMS 422 (Standard Missile)
OBJECTIVE:
Develop technologies that reduce or eliminate aerodynamic heating of optical
windows used in conjunction with passive IR detectors.
DESCRIPTION:
The passive IR homing systems used for certain missile systems usually observe
the outer environment through a protective window. Since these IR homing
systems tend to be at the tip of the missile, the protective windows undergo
aerodynamic heating as missile flight velocities increase. The elevated window
temperatures can range from 5° to well over 100° C above ambient and introduce
noise into the IR sensor, often corrupting its performance. The Navy is seeking
technologies to prevent or negate this heating effect. Innovative adaptations
of existing technologies or new technical approaches are needed to minimize the
influence of the protective window on IR sensor performance. The Navy is
seeking to apply this technology to both passive and active sensor/seeker
systems for missiles and satellites so volume, weight, reliability and power
requirements are a concern.
PHASE
I: Develop concepts and design approaches that provide appropriate thermal
control to IR windows to meet nominal sensor system requirements. Fully
describe the theory of operation of the concept or approach. Provide a detailed
description of the technology concepts and/or materials that prevent or negate
window heating. Provide analysis showing concept performance characteristics
and limitations.
PHASE
II: Design, build and test a prototype system based on the technology products
of Phase I. Based on the nominal IR
sensor used in Phase I, show the ability to render the protective window to a
useful, non-disruptive status at velocities of Mach 1, 2, and 3 (1000 ft.
altitude, 1976 Standard Atmosphere).
Show how the design might perform for alternative window profiles
relative to thickness and shape (such as spherical, conical or flat) based on
projected steady-state aerodynamic effects.
PHASE
III: Depending upon Phase II results, transition to advanced development of a
full-up design and production package.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Passive IR sensors are seeing increased application in commercial
transportation. High speed private/corporate jets and space launch/reentry
vehicles are a potential market.
REFERENCES:
1.
Analytical
method to calculate window heating effects on IR seeker performance: (SPIE
Proceedings Vol. 2286 Paper # 2286-58)
2.
By
E.F. Cross (EFC Research Associates, Los Angeles, CA)
3.
Infrared
Window and Dome Materials (Tutorial Texts in Optical Engineering ; V. Tt 10) by
Daniel C. Harris. Paperback (July 1992)
4.
Window
and Domes Technologies and Materials III (Proceedings of S P I E, Vol 1760) by
Paul Klocek(Editor). Paperback (December 1992)
KEYWORDS:
IR Window; Seeker; Sensor
N01-130 TITLE:
Integrated Underwater Sensing System for Platform Safety & Threat
Alertment
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT IV: PEO Mine Undersea Warfare (MUW)
OBJECTIVE: Conceptualize, develop and demonstrate a
scaleable and modular integrated underwater sensing system, which can
ultimately be adapted for installation aboard ships of any size for protection
against navigational hazards, combatant and terrorist threats. The system will be able to automatically
detect and warn of natural, man made, and human threats to ships navigation and
safety. Explore techniques to detect,
identify and provide alertment for hazards to transit operations, amphibious
operations, and in-port scenarios.
Develop software algorithms to distinguish actual environment from
threat features. Investigate the
integration of multiple ship functions and develop capability to scan immediate
underwater battlespace for threat features, asymmetric threats, natural
hazards, obstacle hazards and mine threats.
Method of detection and reporting may be based on existing or emerging
technologies.
DESCRIPTION: Accurate and reliable underwater sensing,
interpretation, and display are critical to Ships safety both underway and in
port. These critical measurements must
be made with the range of constraints of the open ocean and near shore (littoral)
environments. System design must
overcome technical challenges such as: 1) environmental effects (temperature
and salinity changes, biofouling, turbidity, corrosion), 2) interference from
ship's own electronics and sonar, 3) signature detectability and discrimination
of natural, man-made, and human entities, 4) calibration, servicing and
mounting methods. In addition to these
design considerations, the integrated underwater sensing system must also
provide a) automatic alerts, b) accuracy and resolution to allow for
appropriate and timely ships actions, c) functionality during transit,
maneuvering, and dockside operations, and d) scalability for installation on
all ships. Because of the existing and
evolving need for this capability, the possibility for rapid development and
production is desired.
PHASE
I: Develop proof of concept designs of
the integrated underwater sensing system based on current COTS available
technology. Cost would include
engineering design of prototype, schedule for prototype production and delivery
for testing, and development of a test program to demonstrate critical
functional design capabilities. The concept development plan shall include a
detailed analysis of logistics functions and costs, and proposals for Total Ownership
Cost (TOC) reductions. Total Phase 1
cost is estimated to be $70K.
PHASE
II: Develop prototype system and demonstrate proposed functionality against
navigational, terrorist, mine, and littoral obstacle threats. Develop well-defined plans for prototype
installation onboard a Fleet representative test platform and conduct
evaluation testing. Data collection and
analysis methods must be identified.
Develop a streamlined through-life logistics plan that maximizes
effective logistics at minimum cost by innovative structuring of work division
between industry and government (best value).
Engineering design will address scalability of functions to meet needs
of various Military and Commercial Vessels.
Cost to procure prototype system including remote readout and control at
underway bridge station and inport quarterdeck area is estimated at $700K for
system development, installation and logistics planning, and testing. The ultimate target price of a production system
is estimated at $175k or less per unit.
A testing plan will be developed to test the IUSS's capabilities against
four specific scenarios; forward looking navigational hazards and bottom depth
sounding/profiling while underway; underwater swimmer detection; small boat
approach evaluation while moored pier side and at anchorage. Actual test execution will occur on the NUWC
Division Keyport Ranges leveraging from USN Ships assets. Data will be collected using Windows based
programs and stored on the hard drive of a lap top computer. Analysis will
consist of comparing bottom profiles with know contours in the Puget Sound
Basin. Data will be time and GPS
synchronized to ensure accuracy of comparison.
Static (pierside/anchored) testing analysis will be made against real
time "battle problem" detailed in the test plan. Initial detection will be along known lines
of bearing progressing to "weapons free" threat introduction from any
quarter.
PHASE
III: Transition final design data to production of an integrated underwater
sensing system that provides depth sounding, underwater threat detection, and
hazard avoidance capabilities.
Transition capability as a replacement for the AN/UQN-4 Depth-Sounding
Fathometer and adapt final design to backfit systems on commercial and military
platforms.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Such a system could be used by commercial Cruise Ship, Ferries,
Freighters,
Oil Tankers, and other commercial vessels to assist in safe navigation of
restricted waters and warn of potential underwater threats. Other potential applications would aid
commercial dredging, cable laying, and bottom survey operations.
REFERENCES:
1.
AN/UQN-4
Depth-Sounding Fathometer technical specifications
KEYWORDS:
Depth Sounder; sonar; counter-terrorism; mines; obstacle avoidance; swimmer detection
Office of Naval
Research (ONR)
N01-131 TITLE:
Multiple-Beam Electron Gun for High Power Amplifiers
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
OBJECTIVE:
To develop a low voltage multiple-beam electron gun for a high power
multiple-beam amplifier (MBA) operating in S-band. MBAs are a device technology
with the potential to provide the increased bandwidth, high average power, and
low-phase-noise performance required by shipboard radar to keep pace with
evolving anti-ship cruise missile (ASCM) and tactical ballistic missile (TBM)
threats.
DESCRIPTION:
The main focus of the development is multiple-beam generation and transport.
Previous work in the FSU has concentrated on low-convergence guns resulting in
high cathode-loading (>15 A/cm2) and relatively short operational lifetimes. This development will explore more highly
convergent multiple-beam gun designs using the 3-D electron gun code, MICHELLE
(ONR-funded), to reduce cathode loading below 10 A/cm2, improving operational
life. The magnetic circuit will be
designed using a commercial package, such as MAXWELL 3-D. A beam analyzer will be fabricated to
validate the gun design and beam transport system.
PHASE
1: Initial design of a multiple-beam gun using 3-D design tools such as the
Gun/Collector code MICHELLE (supplied by the government at no cost), and a 3-D
magnet code, such as MAXWELL3D.
PHASE
II: Design and demonstrate a multiple-beam (no less then seven beamlets)
electron gun capable of generating total of 1.5 megawatts of beam power, with a
cathode loading consistent with SPY-1 application lifetimes. Demonstrate
98% beam transmission through each individual beamlet channel.
PHASE
III: Integrate the electron gun with the other components of the S-band MBA in
collaboration with naval researchers.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Commercial applications of multiple-beam amplifier technology
include broadband high power amplifiers for commercial satellite uplinks and
high-energy accelerators, where the low operating voltage is attractive due to
reduced costs and increased reliability.
REFERENCES:
1.
E.A.
Gelvich, et al, "The new generation of high-power multiple-beam
klystrons," IEEE MTT Transactions,41, 15-19 (1993).
2.
L.M.
Borisov, et al, "High-power multi-beam vauum microwave amplifiers,"
Elektron. Tekhnika, Ser. 1, Elektron.SVCh, No. 1, 12-20 (1993) (in Russian).
3.
C.
Bearzatto, A. Beunas, and G. Faillon, "Long pulse and large bandwidth
multibeam klystron," paper presented at the RF-98 Workshop, Pajaro Dunes, CA, October 1998.
4.
Y.
Besov, "Multiple-beam klystrons," paper presented at the RF-98
Workshop, Parajo Dunes, CA, October 1998.
KEYWORDS:
electron gun, multiple beam, multiple beam amplifier
N01-132 TITLE: Low-cost. Lightweight,
Mid-Wave InfraRed (MWIR) Sensors
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: ACAT ID: AAAV(Advanced Amphibious
Assault Vehicle)
OBJECTIVE:
Develop and demonstrate a camera operating with a one-stage thermoelectric cooler
capable of fast photoresponse in the 3-5 micron waveband.
DESCRIPTION:
Current technology for detection of ordnance, gunfire, rocket plumes and fires
involves the use of cryogenically-cooled cameras in the Mid-Wave InfraRed (3-5
microns wavelength) spectral band. These sensors use InfraRed Focal Plane
Arrays (IRFPA's) that operate between 70 K to 130 K temperatures, depending on
the material and may consist of either single-color or multiple-color
approaches. These cooled IRFPA's have been able to make successful technology
demonstration sensors; however, they are expensive (of the order of $100,000 /
camera) and bulky (typical weights of 5 pounds for a militarized cooled MWIR
camera). This makes them unaffordable and impractical for many Marine Corps and
Naval applications. Such system applications include self-defense/situational
awareness/warning sensors of expeditionary and land-warfare craft such as AAAV,
LCAC, and HUMMWV; low-cost, lightweight Unmanned Aerial Vehicles (UAV) sensors;
and individual infantryman systems. The goal of this SBIR is to develop
technology for cameras which would be an order of magnitude cheaper and lighter
than the current generation of MWIR camera. The largest R&D risk factor is
the MWIR IRFPA.
PHASE
I: Develop a conceptual design of a MWIR IRFPA (detectors and readout) with
approximately a 256x256 format, 60Hz (or greater) frame rate, and pixel sizes
of approximately 25 - 50 microns (less is preferred). Detectivity D* should be
1E10 Jones or greater at an operating temperature that can be provided by a
low-cost, low-power thermoelectric cooler.
PHASE
II: Fabricate, test, and deliver a prototype camera using a narrow band
(0.1-0.2 micron wide waveband suitable for plume detection) MWIR IRFPA based
upon the design in Phase I. Because the
emphasis will be on IRFPA development, camera Field of View is flexible - it
should be somewhere from 30 to 95 deg x 30 to 95 deg. Assess applicability and
extension of the technology to multispectral IRFPA's.
PHASE
III: Demonstrate low-cost producibility and develop an implementation plan for
large scale production of cameras (under $10,000 / unit goal for > 300
cameras/year production). Demonstrate
successful lightweight ( under 1 lb. ) cameras and/or multispectral versions of
the MWIR IRFPA cameras for military and commercial applications.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The manned land/sea/air vehicle, UAV, and infantry military market
for such sensors could be in excess of 1000 cameras per year. Additional
applications such as spectroscopy, remote sensing, medical imaging,
firefighting, police/border patrol, and other government/commercial/scientific
applications could have a market of tens of thousands/year. As camera costs
drop, the market for such devices is likely to expand rapidly.
REFERENCES:
1.
S.
Jost et al, "Room Temperature MWIR FPA's - Return of the Lead
Salts?", Proceedings of the 1999 MSS/IRIS Conference on Infrared
Detectors, published by Veridian/ERIM International, 1999
KEYWORDS:
Infrared cameras, electronic warfare, detectors, detection
N01-133 TITLE:
Maritime Intelligence, Surveillance, Reconnaissance (ISR) and Space
Exploitation
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Battlespace, Space Platforms
OBJECTIVE:
Further the development of technology to automatically develop complete
awareness of the littoral maritime situation long before, leading up to,
during, and after military engagement.
DESCRIPTION:
The focus of this SBIR topic is to stimulate bold new concepts for
significantly increasing the performance of automated maritime ISR including
use of space assets. The Century 21
Navy will need complete awareness of the sub-surface, and surface situation within
a wide area of interest. This SBIR
focuses on the littoral situation, which is complicated by the presence of many
neutral surface ships of all sizes and purposes as well as friendly and enemy
combatants, including mines. Awareness
must extend seamlessly across time, beginning well before and extending through
hostilities. Situation Awareness must
be consistent among all involved.
Situation Awareness will be expressed in the form of a complete picture
of who is where as a function of time.
This picture will be available to all Naval personnel at an appropriate
level of resolution. This SBIR focuses
on aspects of maritime ISR other then conventional ASW and MCM since these are
covered by other SBIR topics. Novel
means of exploiting existing sensors, including space sensors are of
interest. Methods of detecting and
classifying (or, in some cases, identifying) neutrals (commercial shipping,
fishing and pleasure craft) and unusual threats such as small surface craft
(i.e. “Boghammers”) and small submarines (diesels or mini-submarines) are of
interest. Examples include but are not
limited to: 1) surface ship surveillance exploiting ship acoustic,
electromagnetic, or hydrodynamic signatures or use of GPS signals or low
resolution space based radar to illuminate the ocean surface; 2) undersea
surveillance via fusing of passive acoustic and non-acoustic sensing. Methods of tracking entities of interest in
the complex littoral environment are sought.
The littoral scene may contain many objects with crossing paths and
unknown motion models. Methods of
maintaining a consistent awareness of the situation among Navy personnel who
are dispersed and intermittently in contact with each other are sought.
PHASE I: Develop
a complete algorithm or detailed description of the proposed ISR concept. If the concept involves hardware produce a
design. This algorithm, description, or
design and supporting documentation should be sufficient to convince qualified
engineers that the proposed concept is technically feasible.
PHASE
II: Produce and demonstrate performance of a computer program based on the
algorithm or description of the concept.
If the concept involves hardware, produce and demonstrate performance of
an eXploratory Development Model (XDM).
Demonstrate performance in such a way as to convince qualified engineers
that the proposed concept is capable of meeting requirements in an operational
environment.
PHASE
III: Team with the manufacturer of one of the Navy’s ASW or MIW ISR systems to integrate
the concept into future generations.
Team with manufacturers of commercial fusion systems, such as air
traffic or harbor control, to integrate the concept into these products.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: There is a commercial market for ISR concepts applied to air traffic
and harbor control. There is a growing
commercial market in tracking littoral traffic for law enforcement (smuggling
and illegal fishing).
REFERENCES:
1.
Waltz,
Edward and James Llinas, “Multisensor Data Fusion,” Artech House, 1990,
Bar-Shalom, Y., “Tracking Methods in a Multitarget Environment,” IEEE
Transactions on Automated Control, Vol.
AC-R3, August 1978, pp. 618-626
KEYWORDS:
Electromagnetic, Acoustic and Hydrodynamic
signatures, multitarget tracking, state estimation, common tactical picture
N01-134 TITLE:
Component Level, Multimedia communication technology for survivability
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Ground/Sea Vehicles, Electronics, Battlespace
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a dual mode, device
level, media communication capability for twisted pair and RF wireless
communication, based on the ANSI/EIA 709.x Protocol (commonly known as
Lontalk). This technology will enable
devices on a twisted pair, distributed control network that have been isolated
from the network, due to damage, to reestablish communication via RF
transmission.
DESCRIPTION: The Navy has developed an affordable
survivable component level intelligent distributed control system architecture
for shipboard automation. This
architecture employs the ANSI/EIA 709.x Protocol in a dependable topology with
embedded online reconfigurability to monitor and detect damage to the twisted
pair network and heal network fragments.
The dependable topology consists of a partial mesh of rings. Routers interconnect the rings. The component level networks feed into
ship-wide area networks. The component
level networks consist of intelligent devices that may require communication
across the network to perform at full capability (normal operations, casualty
control, and damage control). Since
twisted pair communication speed and bandwidth exceeds RF speed and bandwidth
it is expected that the primary communication medium for these shipboard
control networks will be twisted pair.
With the Navy’s unique requirements for survivability these systems need
to be designed for the potential destruction or interruption of the control
networks. Therefore, RF wireless
communication will be required, as a backup medium, to maintain critical
functionality between the devices in the system. The backup device must either be part of the device or co-located
with the device. The backup RF connection must allow network communications
with the device to dynamically switch from one media type to the other,
dynamically reestablishing its identity, functionality, and logical network
variable connections on the network. Failures to the twisted pair should be
readily isolated from the RF connection.
PHASE
I: Perform a tradeoff study that compares wireless bandwidth capacity and cost,
and recommend an approach for an affordable backup wireless communications
capability. Consider embedded and co-locatable approaches. Proceed to develop a
preliminary design of the recommended dual mode (RF-twisted pair) media
interface for ANSI-709.1 networks and demonstrate its conceptual feasibility.
PHASE
II: Develop the Detailed Design of the dual mode (RF- twisted pair) media
interface and demonstrate the RF backup functionality in a live network through
the loss of its twisted pair communication interface.
PHASE
III: Initiate Low Rate Production of the dual mode (RF-twisted pair) media
interface and potential joint development projects with the U.S. Navy Surface
Warfare Systems Group
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Multimedia controllers will have great potential in commercial
automation systems where continuous availability is important such as
production, fire or security system
REFERENCES:
1.
Adept
Systems Inc. "Self Healing Component Level Intelligent Distributed Control
Networks for controllers will have great potential in commercial automation
systems Survivable Shipboard Automation Infrastructure" 15 September 2000
2.
Analysis
and Technology, an Anteon Company "Network Fragment Healing Demonstration
Test Procedures" 13 July 2000
KEYWORDS: Component Level, Dual Communication Media, Survivability
N01-135 TITLE: Boost-Phase Sub-Unit
Vaccine Development for Binary Vaccines Against Infectious Diseases and
Biological Warfare Agents
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Biomedical
OBJECTIVE:
This topic requests the development of a vaccine platform using a recombinant
virus and/or viral-like particle to express foreign antigens. The viral platform must be immunogenic but
safe for use in humans.
DESCRIPTION:
Current human vaccines use multiple doses of the same vaccine to immunize
against toxins or pathogens. These vaccines work primarily by inducing
neutralizing antibodies, but are not very effective at stimulating T cells to
kill invading micro-organisms. Though successful in preventing many human
diseases, such unitary vaccines have failed to protect against HIV, TB, and
Malaria, which have been designated by the National Security Agency and the
President as threatening our national security. They have also proven
inefficient in providing immunity to many potential biological warfare agents.
Anthrax, requiring a complicated and lengthy immunization schedule, is one such
example. Recent animal vaccine literature demonstrates that a two stage
vaccine, in which the first dose consists of DNA vaccine and the second dose
uses a recombinant, attenuated virus, provides a potent immune responses.
However, such immunization strategies using virus or virus-like particles in
the boost phase have not been tested in humans because of concerns about
safety. The research component of this Topic would consist of selecting and
engineering one of many possible viral systems to have the dual characteristics
of safety and high immunogenicity.
Successful preclinical development of such a viral vaccine would lead to
a platform technology for development of vaccines for a large number of
emerging disease or biological warfare threats.
PHASE
I: Develop a prototype viral based vaccine platform predicted to have the
required safety and immunogenicity characteristics. As a proof of principle,
insert selected proteins from malarias pathogenic to animals into the platform
virus. Produce enough of these constructs under research grade conditions to
test in-vitro expression of malaria proteins and immunogenicity and protection
against malaria infection in mice and monkeys. This viral construct will be
tested alone and in conjunction with existing DNA vaccines expressing the same
malaria antigens.
PHASE
II: Produce a viral vaccine expressing antigens from the human malaria P.
falciparum under GMP-like conditions. These constructs would form the basis of
a viral vaccine against malaria for use in humans. Sufficient vaccine will be
produced to demonstrate in-vitro expression of proteins and for testing of
immunogenicity in animals. This viral construct will be tested alone and in
conjunction with existing DNA vaccines expressing the same malaria antigens.
PHASE
III: Demonstrate the ability to manufacture the viral falciparum malaria
vaccines under GMP conditions. This product and supporting data should be of
high enough quality so that it would meet standards for submission to the FDA
for human testing.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: A successful viral vaccine incorporating the attributes desired in this
Topic would have profound commercial applications. The viral platform could be
used to develop vaccines against many pathogens for which adequate vaccines do
not exist.
REFERENCES:
1.
Sedegah
M, Jones T, Kaur M, Hedstrom R, Hobart P, Tine J, and Hoffman SL. 1998.
“Boosting with recombinant vaccinia increases immunogenicity and protective
efficacy of malaria DNA vaccine”. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci USA, vol95,
pp7648-7653.
KEYWORDS:
Vaccines; Immunology; Heterologous; Prime-Boost; Infectious Diseases, DNA.
N01-136 TITLE: Digital
Cellular-Phone Transceiver-based Foliage Penetration Interferometric SAR for
EO/IR Sensor Fusion ATR
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NAVSEA PMS-529
OBJECTIVE: Develop inexpensive digital cellular-phone
transceiver-based foliage penetration
interferometric SAR to be fused with IR hyperspectral imagery for terrain map
navigation and for automatic target recognition (ATR) suitable for UAV
operation.
DESCRIPTION:
In principal dual frequency interferometric SAR can provide terrain elevation
capability for correlation with digital maps for terrain navigation. It should
be compatible with low cost digital cellular-phone transceivers with arbitrary
waveform generation to transmit message/image data. It is anticipated that the
early digitization at the transceiver array will provide at least 100 dB high
dynamic range for foliage penetration, 3D imagery, and communication
applications. Furthermore, digital
FOPEN interferometric SAR 3D terrain imagery can be combined with IR
hyperspectral imagery to provide detailed target characteristics needed for
ATR.
PHASE
I: Provide system and component design
of all digital FOPEN interferometric SAR at UHF & VHF dual frequencies in
order to meet the requirements of a low-cost device capable of UAV targeting
and navigation.
PHASE
II: Develop and demonstrate a working prototype digital FOPEN interferometric
SAR system.
PHASE
III: Applications of digital FOPEN interferometric SAR should include NAVSEA
gun-launched UAV.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL:
Law
enforcement agency requires a high dynamic range and inexpensive FOPEN radar
for ground surveillance. This SBIR will
have transition to commercial sale to police, drug enforcement agency, NASA
resource management, and forest fire fighting.
REFERENCES:
1.
“Radar
2000” IEEE Conference Proceedings, Szu et al. “Commercial Application of
Digital Radar”, May Washington DC.
2.
Digital
Array Radar Volume Search Radar, ONR Code 313 Web page
N01-137 TITLE: Expeditionary Logistics
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Information Systems
OBJECTIVE:
Use logistics modeling and simulation to establish a qualitative and
quantitative disciplined approach to weighing technology focus areas against
the larger Naval expeditionary logistics mission. Rapidly define the greatest
return on investment for needed capability or requirement in the overall
acquisition investment strategy.
DESCRIPTION:
Setting requirements and acquisition priorities within the Naval logistics
community is a challenge. The systems
engineering aspect of Naval operational logistics, and the benefit of a
logistics simulation in this area, has proven a complex and challenging
problem. The wide variety of variables which must be considered complicates the
problem set-up and problem solving environments. Today's tools are varied. There are engineering level models that
successfully model characteristics of a piece of equipment and its performance,
but these tools do not model the equipment against its purpose. Today's system
design evaluation models include many pieces of equipment and govern their
interaction, but as the system grows larger (such as Naval logistics) the model
either becomes too complex to be employed effectively by the discreet program
offices or provides poor resolution in the solution set. A final model type, the battle outcome
model, takes into account equipment, troops and doctrine, with simulated
interaction between competing forces and survivability of troops and
equipment. While this is a useful
operational environment, the assessment method of battle outcome wargaming does
not take into account the robust variable set that the acquisition community
must consider when constructing the analysis of alternatives. Within this proposed development, the end
capability should be a tool to help the Naval community understand in context
the implications of logistics on new tactics, techniques and procedures. But additionally the tool will assist
technologists and acquisition professionals focus resources on the critical
drivers (both operationally and at the equipment characteristic level) in
supporting the Naval logistics mission profile demands effectively and
efficiently.
PHASE
I: Modeling parameters, metrics and architecture will be defined. Key
technology enablers will be explored and addressed in risk reduction fashion. A
balanced matrix allowing dissimilar systems and the dissimilar metrics of
operations vice acquisition to be compared will be addressed.
PHASE
II: Conduct Model Development. Proposal will address verification and
validation plans, data sources, and incremental measures of success/progress
that afford the government opportunity for earned value management.
PHASE
III: There will be numerous opportunities for follow-on R&D through
continuous programmatic coordination with the requirements, doctrine and
acquisition communities which will benefit from this tool suite.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Each of the areas of combat service support are represented in the
private sector. Such technological advances in smart buying tools, information
management and decision support have substantial marketability.
KEYWORDS:
Naval Logistics, Acquisition, Doctrine, Modeling, Metrics
N01-138 TITLE:
A Self-Contained Solar Radiation Measurement Package for an Aircraft
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
OBJECTIVE: Develop a stand-alone instrument package for
measurement of spectrally resolved up- and down-welling solar fluxes and
optical depth from an airplane or other moving platforms.
DESCRIPTION: Solar flux measurements from an aircraft
require corrections that account for platform attitude and orientation, among
other things, and therefore require synchronization and assimilation of data
measured by other independent systems.
In this development, all sensors needed to provide spectrally resolved
fluxes and optical depths should be integrated into one stand-alone
system. For example, the radiation
sensors might be mounted along with an attitude sensor on a feedback-controlled
platform, such that sensor’s orientation is actively maintained independently
of the aircraft’s orientation.
Similarly, the optical depth system, whether it is a sun photometer or a
shadow-band radiometer should be self sufficient and independent of auxiliary
payload measurements. Consideration
should be given to miniaturizing the sensors.
The primary aircraft is a Twin Otter, but the package should be
transferable onto other aircraft. Power
for the instrumentation will be provided from the aircraft’s 28V DC generators,
and data from the instrumentation should be passed to the aircraft’s data
system. Consideration should be given
to minimizing both size and power requirements.
PHASE
I: Design a prototype system that can independently do solar radiation
measurements from a research aircraft.
PHASE
II: Develop and demonstrate a fully capable radiation instrument for use on a
research aircraft. Develop commercialization
(Phase III) plans, including descriptions of specific applications, potential
customers, proposed demonstrations, and transition efforts to be
performed.
PHASE
III: Replace or modify prototype for a specific application or product.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Benefits to researchers and
to research or monitoring programs are inherent in the objective of the
proposed effort. Existing systems rely
on data from other measurement systems and large effort in synchronizing and
assimilating unrelated measurements to arrive at accurate radiation data. This stand-alone package will provide
engineering data in real time, and grossly reduce both time and manpower
requirements. The package will benefit
ship and aircraft based research, and also, in a simpler version (without
orientation feedback controls), land based programs.
REFERENCES:
1.
Livingston,
J. et al., Shipborne sun-photometer measurements of aerosol optical depth
spectra and columnar water vapor during ACE-2, and comparison with selected
land, ship, aircraft, and satellite measurements, Tellus (2000), 52B,
594-619. (See also references therein).
2.
Formenti,
P. et al., Measurements of aerosol optical depth above 3570m asl in the North
Atlantic free troposphere: Results from ACE-2.
Tellus (2000), 52B, 678-693.
KEYWORDS: Real-time Data Collection; Data Management; and Instrument
N01-139 TITLE:
Smart Low Altitude Platform for Atmospheric Measurements from a Research
Aircraft
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
OBJECTIVE:
Develop a capability to tow a smart instrument package bellow a research
aircraft and have it stabilize at a specified altitude. The smart package should
be able to ``fly'' while towed at a fixed height above the sea surface.
DESCRIPTION: The ability to tow a stabilized smart
instrument package bellow a research aircraft opens up a number of
possibilities to answer fundamental operational and research questions about
the surface flow over the ocean. The
smart package should be able to ``fly'' while towed at a fixed height above the
sea surface. The operational area of interest
for the smart instrument package is the region below 30 meters, which is
characterized by high atmospheric gradients.
The lowest altitude research aircraft currently operate is usually no
lower than 200 meters. There should be
space in the smart tow package for instrumentation to include air temperature,
humidity, turbulence, and aerosol sensors.
Power for instrumentation and smart tow vehicle systems should be
provided from the mother aircraft. Data
processing and storage for the instrumentation and smart tow vehicle automated
flight control systems should also be provided from the mother aircraft. The smart tow vehicle system should be able
to be The package should be designed so if it hit the ocean it would not damage
the mother aircraft. The system solicited here should be compatible or scalable
with a verity of aircraft sizes and types, but operation from small twin-engine
aircraft is required.
PHASE
I: Design a prototype system that can support low altitude (20-meter)
atmospheric measurements from a research aircraft.
PHASE
II: Develop and demonstrate a fully capable smart tow vehicle system for use
with a research aircraft. Develop
commercialization (Phase III) plans, including descriptions of specific
applications, potential customers, proposed demonstrations, and transition
efforts to be performed.
PHASE
III: Replace or modify prototype for a specific application or product.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Benefits to researchers and to research monitoring programs are
inherent in the objective of the proposed effort. Commercial applications include oil spill assessment and
mineralogical assessment.
REFERENCES:
1.
Edson,
JB and CW Fairall 1998: Similarity relationships in the marine atmospheric
surface layer. J. Atmos. Sciences, vol
55, 2311-2328.
KEYWORDS: Marian Atmospheric Boundary Layer, Surface ducting, optical propagation, atmospheric measurements, and aircraft towed instrument platform.
N01-140 TITLE:
Conductive Carbon Nanotubes for EMI Shielding of Naval Aviation Optical
Materials
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NAVAIR 4.1.8 Survivability
OBJECTIVE:
Explore the feasibility of incorporating highly conductive carbon nanotubes in
optical materials for Electromagnetic Interference (EMI) shielding. Optical
materials such as aircraft canopies and infrared (IR) transparent windows have
challenging combinations of electrical and optical requirements to meet Naval
Aviation needs. Low loading of conductive fillers is required to have minimal
impact to optical transmission through these materials.
DESCRIPTION:
Recent advances in the fabrication of conductive carbon nanotube materials has
imparted an opportunity to explore nano-molecular particles for EMI shielding
for military as well as commercial applications. These materials have
demonstrated good electrical conductivity in gap filler materials at low (3-5%)
loading levels (Phase I SBIR with Foster-Miller). Furthermore, single walled
carbon nanotubes have been demonstrated to increase the strength of polymers by
forming strong chemical bonds to the matrix. Demonstrating good electrical
conductivity with minimal visual transmission loss through aircraft canopy
materials (e.g. polycarbonate) and IR transparent windows (e.g. sapphire, ZnS)
would be innovative and provide a technology need for military weapon systems. The conductivity levels measured from a four
point probe are of a threshold of 10 ohms per square and an objective of less
than 1 ohm per square.
PHASE
I: Establish the feasibility of incorporating conductive carbon nanotubes into
aircraft canopy materials and IR transmitting materials. Measure optical
transmission loss, mechanical strength impact, electrical conductivity, and any
marine environmental exposure material degradation due to nanotube
incorporation.
PHASE
II: Identify EMI shielding optical requirements for specific subsystems
components (canopies and IR missile domes) for Tactical Aircraft, Targeting
Forward Looking IR (TFLIR), and IR Missile Domes. Fabricate coupons and
subsystem components for test and evaluation of EMI effectiveness for aircraft
canopies and IR windows.
PHASE
III: Initiate production efforts to build and fabricate EMI shielding materials
in commercial quantities. Prepare technology transition packages to specific
Naval Aviation Program Offices (PMAs) for platform integration, production, and
supportability. Prepare design documentation to produce suitable EMI shielding
materials for these applications.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Application in several areas requiring EMI shielding such as
commercial aircraft, ground stations, and cellular phones.
KEYWORDS:
EMI shielding, optical materials, carbon nanotubes
N01-141 TITLE:
Portable Emissivity / Reflectometer for
Measurements on Curved Surfaces
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NAVAIR 4.1.8
OBJECTIVE: Develop a hand held emissivity measurement
tool device to verify and quantify the infrared properties of installed
materials such as paints and coatings on curved surfaces. The lightweight portable device should work
on exterior surfaces with radii of 3 inches or greater and internal surfaces
with radii of 12 inches or greater.
DESCRIPTION: Recent advances in Bi-directional Reflectometry
(BRDF)measurement technology have shown the feasibility of conducting field
emissivity measurements of flat surfaces coated with materials for enhanced
reflective or emissive properties for improved durability performance. However, these hand held measurement tools
require flat surfaces and are also difficult to handle due to high temperatures
generated by the device during calibration.
Many critical installations are made on singly and doubly curved
surfaces and cannot be measured with this technology. This activity would conduct innovative research into the
feasibility of accomplishing portable, lightweight, accurate, and calibrated
BRDF measurements in the field without current constraints for nearly flat surfaces.
PHASE
I: Conduct research into eliminating
current limitations on curvature for conducting infrared measurements. Investigate alternative sensors and concepts
to meet interior and exterior measurement needs with a single device. Establish the requirements for measurements
in the naval environment.
PHASE
II: Assess the needs for verification
of infrared performance of the outer mould-line and engine cavities. Develop laboratory model of device using
representative surface curvatures and coatings and design/build a prototype
measurement device. Conduct field demonstration of prototype to verify its
performance. Develop cost information
and design specifications for a production measurement device.
PHASE
III: Initiate production efforts to
build the measurement device in commercial quantities. Prepare transition packages for specific
platform organizational and depot support units.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: A portable device for the
measurement of infrared properties would have application in a commercial area
such as industrial furnace maintenance and manufacturing where the durability
of high temperature coatings is monitored.
Monitoring is critical for process control such as uniformity of
temperature.
KEYWORDS: Measurement, infrared, emissivity, reflectance
N01-142 TITLE:
Rapid RF Switching Conducting Polymers
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NAVAIR 4.1.8 Survivability
OBJECTIVE: Explore the feasibility of developing rapid
switching conducting polymers from low dielectric (opaque/RF transmissive) to
high dielectric (conducting/RF reflective) materials for Electromagnetic
Interference (EMI) shielding.
Innovative rapid RF shuttering technology is need for multiple Naval
Aviation antenna applications for EMI shielding.
DESCRIPTION: Recent advances in the fabrication of low
cost conducting polymer materials has imparted an opportunity to explore these
materials for EMI shielding of military antenna systems. Advance material research in conducting
polymers is needed to provide affordable supportable solutions for RF
shuttering to meet low one way transmission loss (<0.5 dB) from 2-18 GHz,
rapid (<0.1 seconds) switch from conductive to opaque state, complex shape
integration ( flat to doubly curved surfaces), multiple cycle reliability
(>10,000 cycles), low cost, and maintainability in a marine environment.
PHASE
I: Establish the feasibility of incorporating
conducting polymer switches for EMI shielding of antennas. Measure one-way RF transmission loss,
mechanical strength, electrical conductivity, and any marine environmental
exposure material degradation.
PHASE
II: Establish EMI shielding optical requirements for specific subsystems
components (antennas) for Tactical Aircraft, Rotary-Wing Aircraft, and weapon
systems Fabricate coupons and subsystem components for evaluation.
PHASE
III: Initiate production efforts to build and fabricate EMI shielding materials
in commercial quantities. Prepare
technology transition packages to specific Naval Aviation Program Offices
(PMAs) for platform integration, production, and supportability. Prepare design documentation to produce
suitable EMI shielding materials for these applications.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: Application in several areas
requiring EMI shielding such as commercial aircraft, anti-static carpets,
computers, and cellular phones.
KEYWORDS: EMI shielding, RF shuttering, conducting polymers
N01-143 TITLE:
Compact, Digital Man-Portable Infrared (IR) Measurement Device
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NAVAIR 4.1.8 Survivability
OBJECTIVE:
Investigate the utility of and develop a hand-held IR measurement device to be
used in an operational field/fleet environment to evaluate the IR signature
characteristics of U. S. Naval aircraft and other military vehicles. The
lightweight portable device should be usable and effective in adverse field
conditions and simple to operate.
Device should include software capability to compare reference datum and
extract changes with sensitivities to less than 3 degrees F relative
temperature, and changes in emissivity of less than 10 percent from reference
datum at selective bands within the midwave infrared wavelengths and longwave
wavelengths.
DESCRIPTION:
As the U. S. Navy continues to design, develop and field advance coating
technologies on military aircraft and UAVs, it is absolutely critical to the
operational forces to ensure that the IR signature characteristics of the
vehicle are not degraded in the harsh operational environments of aircraft carriers,
ships in rough seas, and combat operations. As these systems are fielded,
provisions are being made to evaluate and accurately measure their signatures
in controlled environments with specific IR signature measuring equipment that
will fully characterize the IR signature of the vehicle. These controlled
measurements can only be conducted at depot or manufacturing plants where
proper equipment and facilities are available.
This
SBIR focuses on development of a small (less than one cubic foot volume for
logistics footprint), lightweight (less than 8 pounds threshold and less than 5
pounds objective), digital IR camera that can be packaged as a man-portable
measurement device to evaluate specific areas of a vehicle, to ensure that
materials or durability coatings have not been degraded or damaged during
operational use. The device will image the vehicle and provide a real-time IR
image of the vehicle and associated scene background. The IR sensor must be
capable of evaluating emissivity and/or thermal measurements and employ a
suitable method of calibration and background/scene comparison to determine
aircraft “hotspots” that are indicative of changes to the material properties
on the vehicle surface, due to damage or materials degradation.
PHASE
I: Conduct a feasibility study and requirements analysis that will result in
the successful design and integration of various sensors/components needed to
build a light-weight, digital, man-portable IR camera, with application as an
evaluation tool for IR signature measurements and vehicle materials
characteristics in an operational field environment. Define the range of
operational performance and concept of operations for the device. Investigate
alternative commercial off- the-shelf (COTS) sensors and concepts to meet
measurement and evaluation needs with a single device. Establish the
requirements for measurements in the naval environment.
PHASE
II: Develop and build a working prototype of the IR measurement device.
Demonstrate the ability of the device to identify “hot spots” on the vehicle
and associated defects or material degradation that may have occurred. Assess
the needs for verification of IR performance or calibration, based on baseline
signature. Conduct a field demonstration of the prototype to verify measurement
performance. Deliver a system specification to produce this device in Phase
III. Develop cost information and design drawings suitable for device
production.
PHASE
III: Design and produce this digital IR measurement device in production quantities.
Complete all support documentation for the device, including user’s manual,
maintenance/repair manuals, and an operations/evaluation guide
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: A portable device for the measurement of IR properties would have
wide application in many commercial areas, such as police IR sensors,
laboratory and industrial maintenance and manufacturing applications, where the
durability of high temperature or durability coatings needs to be monitored and
evaluated.
KEYWORDS:
Measurement, infrared camera, emissivity
N01-144 TITLE:
Small Diesel Engines, JP5 / JP8 Fueled
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Air Platform, Electronics
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: PMR-51
DESCRIPTION: Small model aircraft diesel engines are now
commercially available as units and conversion components. These engines are designed to run on model
aircraft diesel fuel, which is modified with high volatility ether for ease of
starting. For use on Navy ships, small
diesel engines would be required to operate on standard Navy heavy fuels, such
as JP5 (MIL-DTL-5624) and JP8 (MIL-T-83133), with no volatile additives
allowed. Development of highly
efficient, small diesel engines (suitable for small UAVs) are needed to satisfy
the standard Navy heavy fuel requirement.
There are no engines currently available to meet this requirement
PHASE
I: Demonstrate 24-hour operation using
both JP5 and JP8 fuel (with no volatile additives) on a COTS, modified COTS, or
prototype engine with 0.25 cubic inch displacement (cid). Demonstrate a specific fuel consumption
(SFC) of less than 1.2 lbs/hp-hr (at sea level) while producing at least 1.4 hp/cid
@ 11,000 rpm (at sea level) while maintaining a total engine weight (excluding
propeller) of less than 10 oz and an estimated cost of less than $100 each in
100 lot quantities. Demonstrate a cold
starting system that is portable, reliable, and inexpensive to produce. Estimate cost of production for 100 lot and
1000 lot purchases. Provide five
samples of the prototype engine system.
PHASE
II: Continue development of the 0.25
cid engine to demonstrate an SFC of less than 0.8 lbs/hp-hr (at sea level) and
specific output of >1.8 hp/cid @ 11,000 rpm (at sea level) while increasing
uninterrupted endurance to 48 hrs using both JP5 and JP8 fuels. Extend the design to an engine of
approximately 2.0 cid with similar performance @ <6,000 rpm. Estimate cost of production for 100 lot and
1000 purchases for each size engine.
Provide five samples of each size prototype engine system.
PHASE
III: Prepare fabrication drawings and
specifications of final designs for both size engines. Provide statistically valid performance and
operational data including data for SFC, specific output, and uninterrupted
endurance. Demonstrate engines in
generic aircraft in various operational conditions, specifically winter
operations. Refine cost estimates for
100 lot purchases. Provide twenty
samples of each size engine system.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: Small, efficient, diesel engines designed to operate on standard, turbine engine aviation fuels will have narrow application.
KEYWORDS: internal combustion; diesel; fuel; Specific Fuel Consumption (SFC); engine starting; JP5 / JP8
N01-145 TITLE: Very Low Cost,
Lightweight Detector Technologies for Small, Expendable Unmanned Air Vehicles
(UAVs)
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Chemical/Bio Defense
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: PMR-51
DESCRIPTION: A potential role for very low cost UAVs
would be to provide either perimeter detection and alert or over-the-horizon
intelligence to forces afloat, particularly during operations other than
war. The detectors needed are primarily
for the following classes (not necessarily simultaneously):
a)
biological / chemical agents
b)
nuclear radiation
c)
explosives
Therefore,
the U.S. Navy has a need for sensors capable of detecting, identifying, and
then quantifying toxic, airborne chemical or biological agents, nuclear
radiation, or explosives. These sensors
should be compatible with deployment on small, expendable UAVs. Therefore, the sensor system should be
lightweight (<4 pounds), small (<200 cubic inches), rugged, have low
power consumption (<6 WDC), very low cost (<$1,000 each), and capable of
autonomous operation. The sensor should
be capable of simultaneously detecting several (>10) toxic agents at very
low concentration (or level, as appropriate) with a low false alarm rate. The sensor system should be capable of
assaying an air sample in near real-time (<60 seconds). The sensors should be capable of performing
this near real time monitoring for a minimum period of 24 hours in a marine
environment.
PHASE
I: Examine potential sensor
technologies for one or more of the above classes of threats. Evaluate two different technologies for
applicability and build a lightweight breadboard prototype for
demonstration. Measure the response
levels and times for these sensor technologies using simulants or sources as
appropriate. Assess potential costs for
volume (1000 lot) production. Provide
sample sensor system for government evaluation
PHASE
II: Refine the technologies providing
the best estimated combination of cost, weight and performance and demonstrate
brassboard construction and delivery of 3 functional units for test and
evaluation. Measure the response levels and times for these sensor technologies
using real agents or sources as appropriate.
Estimate final production costs for 1000 lot production.
PHASE
III: Complete brassboard design and
demonstrate production capability with the construction and delivery of 25
functional units from prototype construction.
Measure the response levels and times using this sensor system in a UAV
using real agents or sources as appropriate.
Refine final production costs for 1000 lot production.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: The demonstration of very low cost sensor technology will enhance
the capability to incorporate a vast array of new sensors into both consumer
and industrial goods.
KEYWORDS:
sensor, chemical, biological, explosive detector, electronic nose, UAV, very low cost
N01-146 TITLE:
Airframe Construction for Small, Expendable Unmanned Air Vehicles (UAVs)
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Air Platform, Materials/Processes
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: PMR-51
DESCRIPTION: Most current UAVs are manufactured in a
manner similar to prototype aircraft.
While these techniques result in vehicles that are dimensionally
accurate and aerodynamically capable, the costs are substantial. If an expendable UAV is to be adopted for
general use, its construction cost needs to be low. Therefore, a significant emphasis must be placed on the
fabrication of the airframe using inherently low cost processes, while
maintaining the required aerodynamic and dimensional tolerances. There are a number of novel polymer
fabrication technologies that may provide suitable performance but have never
been evaluated for this large a component or have never been developed to
maintain the exacting dimensional characteristics that would be required for an
aerodynamic application (3D accuracy and surface finish).
PHASE
I: Examine potential non-metallic
fabrication technologies. Fabricate 4’
prototypes using three to four of the suggested technologies and assess their
performance, both structurally (static and dynamic) and aerodynamically as a
function of weight. Goals for this
phase would be a hardbody (wing, fuselage) and control surfaces weighing less
than 2.6 lbs while capable of withstanding 10g acceleration (5 seconds) due to
downdrafts for a completed vehicle weight of 20 lbs. Furthermore, the exterior dimensional goals should be 0.050” (in
all three axes) and a surface finish and waviness of less than 8 microinches
rms. Statistically measure and document
the progress toward meeting these goals. Age six complete samples at elevated
temperature (140F) for 24 hours, remeasure dimensional tolerances
and report.
PHASE
II: Select the two technologies
assessed to provide the best combination of cost and performance and
demonstrate low volume production (using prototype tooling and quality control)
of selected airframes with the construction and delivery of 10 units using each
technology. Goals for this phase would be a hardbody (wing, fuselage) and
control surfaces weighing less than 2.0 lbs while capable of withstanding 10g
acceleration (5 seconds) due to downdrafts for a completed vehicle weight of 20
lbs. Furthermore, the exterior
dimensional goals should be 0.025” (in all three axes) and a surface finish and
waviness of less than 8 microinches rms. Statistically measure and document the
progress toward meeting these goals.
Age six complete samples at elevated temperature (140F) for
48 hours, remeasure dimensional tolerances and report.
PHASE
III: Select the final technology
providing the best combination of cost and performance and demonstrate volume
production (using production tooling and quality control) of selected airframes
with the construction and delivery of 40 units. Statistically measure and document the final weight and
dimensionally accuracy of the delivered units. Age six complete samples at
elevated temperature (140F) for 96 hours, remeasure dimensional tolerances and report.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: The demonstration of very low cost, highly accurate non-metallic fabrication technology will permit designers to conceptualize a vast variety of large, low cost precision items for both the consumer and industrial markets.
KEYWORDS: precision manufacturing, UAV, low cost, non-metallic, fabrication, small airframe
N01-147 TITLE: Very Low Cost Unmanned
Air Vehicle (UAV) Avionics
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Air Platform, Electronics
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: PMR-51
DESCRIPTION: For a well-developed small Expendable UAV,
the predicted cost of the airframe and power plant are very low – in the order
of several hundreds of dollars. The
cost drivers for these systems are both the communications and avionics
subsystems. This effort addresses the
avionics portion where costing progress must be made. A very low cost, lightweight (~6 oz), low power (<3 WDC),
high-update rate avionics module is needed for supporting airframes ranging
from 2 to 12 foot wingspan. This module
should provide real-time GPS, independent inertial guidance, the storage of
hundreds of geographic waypoints, the adaptive capacity to cross waypoints at
designated times, and allow the input from off-board sensors to be used to
alter its flight plan. It must operate
in a high EMI environment, use minimal power, and remain reliable for >100
hours while operating in a very high vibration environment.
PHASE
I: Design a breadboard avionics system
(including all servos) that will be inexpensive to produce and demonstrate
system performance using generic control laws.
The cost target should be approximately $400, or about 30% of commercial
systems that are currently available.
Preliminary packaging concepts are to be explored and he sensitivity of
the system to extremely broadband EMI is to be measured. The operation of the system under realistic
GPS spoofing situations is to be evaluated and the ability to switch to
inertial guidance will be demonstrated.
A complete prototype of the avionics system is to be provided to the
government for test and evaluation.
PHASE
II: Demonstrate potential producibility
and operation of prototype system.
Verify performance and reliability of brassboard systems in prototype
air vehicles in a high EMI environments and under simulated GPS spoofing
conditions. Demonstrate operation in a
wide array of temperature/humidity environments in the laboratory. Provide 5 complete avionics systems for
government test and evaluation
PHASE
III: Complete designs suitable for
high-rate fabrication. Develop
production and test systems to statistically ensure reliable operation of 99%
of delivered units. Provide 10 complete
avionics systems for test and evaluation.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: The cost target of this system will put it into a cost area that is viable for model airplane enthusiasts.
KEYWORDS: avionics; low-cost; UAV; GPS; electronics; production
N01-148 TITLE:
Very Low Cost, Lightweight IridiumTM / GlobalstarTM Communications Modules
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Electronics
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: PMR-51
DESCRIPTION:
With the recent decision by the US Government to become the dominant user of
the IridiumTM satellite system, there could be a very significant capability
for using either it or the GlobalstarTM system to permit near real-time,
two-way communication and control of UAVs.
What is required is both the hardware and the software that can provide
this data communications capacity over these systems using very low cost
components at the vehicle level. The
onboard system should be capable of providing some form of non-exploitable,
short-term (500 hr) secure encryption for transmission at data rates up to 10 K
bytes / sec. The power requirement
should be <3WDC, the complete system should weigh <8 oz, and the system
should be reliable for >48 hours in a very high vibration environment.
PHASE
I: Develop a proof of concept,
breadboard, very low cost datalink system using either commercial SATCOM
system. Demonstrate required data rates
in the lab and examine worst case data rates that would be expected in the
field. Include support documentation explaining how final flyaway cost will
meet or exceed cost/weight/size/performance objectives. Provide 2 vehicle level systems for test and
evaluation.
PHASE
II: Design vehicle size prototype and
demonstrate a 10K bytes/ sec data link between an airborne vehicle in a high
EMI environment and a ground system stationed at >200nm. Develop brassboard system units and evaluate
them in prototype vehicles. Provide 6
functional vehicle level units for test and evaluation. Estimate cost of production for 1000 lot
size.
PHASE
III: Demonstrate production capability
with the construction and delivery of 25 functional units. Test 10 additional units airborne in an
appropriate UAVs for uninterrupted periods >24 hours. Report their performance and project their
reliability. Estimate final cost of
production in lots of 1000.
COMMERCIAL POTENTIAL: The demonstration of very low cost sensor technology will enhance the capability to incorporate a vast array of new sensors into both consumer and industrial goods.
KEYWORDS: commercial SATCOM, UAV, very low cost, lightweight, datalink
N01-149 TITLE:
Expendable Active Battle Damage Assessment Sensors
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Sensors, Electronics, Battlespace
DOD
ACQUISITION PROGRAM SUPPORTING THIS TOPIC: NSWC Dahlgren
OBJECTIVE: Develop and demonstrate a small low cost
expendable active sensor that can detect and transmit battle damage information
following strikes by special technology payloads.
DESCRIPTION: When special technology payloads are used,
verification and / or Battle Damage Indications (BDI) can be difficult to
obtain. Normally, BDI is based on
observing target status before and after a strike. For non-explosive payloads, however, another form of BDI must be
employed to assess payload effectiveness.
Such a sensor must detect target responses in one or more
electro-optical bands including infrared (IR), radio frequency (RF), and / or
acoustic responses from the target or target area. Target responses must then be transmitted via tactical
(satellite) data-links back to the on-scene commander using a scheduled time
interval for up to 2 hours. The sensor
used must have a maintenance cycle of at least 15 years and be capable of
activation upon deployment without any electrical signal (autonomously). The sensor must be capable of surviving
deployment from an airborne platform at an altitude of 1000 feet at airspeeds
up to 500 knots.
PHASE
I: Define requirements for active
sensors based on electro-optical band of interest. Identify potential sensors, data links, and power supplies. Design a ballistic retardation and an
activation device.
PHASE
II: Integrate components into a
cylindrical shape no larger than 6 ½ inches long by 2 ½ inches in diameter
including the container. Conduct a
static demonstration to verify the sensors ability to detect target
changes. Conduct dynamic testing to
verify the sensor’s ability to withstand dispense / impact and to provide real
time data on target status via a data link.
PHASE
III: Conduct cost and risk reduction
analyses and demonstrate producability of the BDA sensor/dat link package. Develop a production and implementation plan
for integrating a few packages into each Tomahawk land Attck Missile during the
standard TLAM maintenance cycle.
COMMERCIAL
POTENTIAL: This sensor could be adapted
as a low cost alternative for locating downed aircraft in remote areas.
KEYWORDS: Battle Damage Indicators, Battle Damage Assessment, sensors, satellite data link
Naval Supply Systems Command
(NAVSUP)
N01-150 TITLE: Technology for
Logistics Productivity
TECHNOLOGY
AREAS: Materials/Processes
OBJECTIVE: A component is determined to be obsolete when its commercial availability becomes limited or nonexistent. The government spends millions of doll