Treaty
between the United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics on the Reduction and Limitation of Strategic Offensive Arms
The
United States of America and the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics,
hereinafter referred to as the Parties,
Conscious
that nuclear war would have devastating consequences for all humanity,
that it cannot be won and must never be fought,
Convinced
that the measures for the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive
arms and the other obligations set forth in this Treaty will help to reduce
the risk of outbreak of nuclear war and strengthen international peace
and security,
Recognizing
that the interests of the Parties and the interests of international security
require the strengthening of strategic stability,
Mindful
of their undertakings with regard to strategic offensive arms in Article
VI of the Treaty on the Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons of July 1,
1968; Article XI of the Treaty on the Limitation of Anti-Ballistic Missile
Systems of May 26, 1972; and the Washington Summit Joint Statement of
June 1, 1990,
Have
agreed as follows:
ARTICLE
I
Each
Party shall reduce and limit its strategic offensive arms in accordance
with the provisions of this Treaty, and shall carry out the other obligations
set forth in this Treaty and its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of
Understanding.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
II
1.
Each Party shall reduce and limit its ICBMs and ICBM launchers, SLBMs
and SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, ICBM warheads, SLBM warheads, and heavy
bomber armaments, so that seven years after entry into force of this Treaty
and thereafter, the aggregate numbers, as counted in accordance with Article
III of this Treaty, do not exceed:
(a) 1600, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed
SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers, including
154 for deployed heavy ICBMs and their associated launchers;
(b)
6000, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and
deployed heavy bombers, including:
(i) 4900, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs;
(ii)
1100, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs on mobile launchers
of ICBMs;
(iii)
1540, for warheads attributed to deployed heavy ICBMs.
2.
Each Party shall implement the reductions pursuant to paragraph 1 of this
Article in three phases, so that its strategic offensive arms do not exceed:
(a) by the end of the first phase, that is, no later than 36 months after
entry into force of this Treaty, and thereafter, the following aggregate
numbers:
(i) 2100, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed
SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers;
(ii)
9150, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and
deployed heavy bombers;
(iii)
8050, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs;
(b) by the end of the second phase, that is, no later than 60 months after
entry into force of this Treaty, and thereafter, the following aggregate
numbers:
(i) 1900, for deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers, deployed
SLBMs and their associated launchers, and deployed heavy bombers;
(ii)
7950, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs, deployed SLBMs, and
deployed heavy bombers;
(iii)
6750, for warheads attributed to deployed ICBMs and deployed SLBMs;
(c) by the end of the third phase, that is, no later than 84 months after
entry into force of this Treaty: the aggregate numbers provided for in
paragraph 1 of this Article.
3.
Each Party shall limit the aggregate throw-weight of its deployed ICBMs
and deployed SLBMs so that seven years after entry into force of this Treaty
and thereafter such aggregate throw-weight does not exceed 3600 metric tons.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
III
1.
For the purposes of counting toward the maximum aggregate limits provided
for in subparagraphs 1(a), 2(a)(i), and 2(b)(i) of Article II of this
Treaty:
2.
For the purposes of counting deployed ICBMs and their associated launchers
and deployed SLBMs and their associated launchers:
(a) Each deployed launcher of ICBMs and each deployed launcher of SLBMs
shall be considered to contain one deployed ICBM or one deployed SLBM,
respectively.
(b)
If a deployed ICBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile
has not been installed in that launcher, such an ICBM removed from its
launcher and located at that ICBM base shall continue to be considered
to be contained in that launcher.
(c)
If a deployed SLBM has been removed from its launcher and another missile
has not been installed in that launcher, such an SLBM removed from its
launcher shall be considered to be contained in that launcher. Such
an SLBM removed from its launcher shall be located only at a facility
at which non-deployed SLBMs may be located pursuant to subparagraph
9(a) of Article IV of this Treaty or be in movement to such a facility.
3.
For the purposes of this Treaty, including counting ICBMs and SLBMs:
(a) For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported in
stages, the first stage of an ICBM or SLBM of a particular type shall
be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type.
(b)
For ICBMs or SLBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled
missiles without launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular
type shall be considered to be an ICBM or SLBM of that type.
(c)
For ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled
missiles in launch canisters, an assembled missile of a particular type,
in its launch canister, shall be considered to be an ICBM of that type.
(d)
Each launch canister shall be considered to contain an ICBM from the
time it first leaves a facility at which an ICBM is installed in it
until an ICBM has been launched from it or until an ICBM has been removed
from it for elimination. A launch canister shall not be considered to
contain an ICBM if it contains a training model of a missile or has
been placed on static display. Launch canisters for ICBMs of a particular
type shall be distinguishable from launch canisters for ICBMs of a different
type.
4.
For the purposes of counting warheads:
(a) The number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of each existing
type shall be the number specified in the Memorandum of Understanding
on the Establishment of the Data Base Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter
referred to as the Memorandum of Understanding.
(b)
The number of warheads that will be attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of
a new type shall be the maximum number of reentry vehicles with which
an ICBM or SLBM of that type has been flight-tested. The number of warheads
that will be attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with a front
section of an existing design with multiple reentry vehicles, or to
an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with one reentry vehicle, shall be no
less than the nearest integer that is smaller than the result of dividing
40 percent of the accountable throw-weight of the ICBM or SLBM by the
weight of the lightest reentry vehicle flight-tested on an ICBM or SLBM
of that type. In the case of an ICBM or SLBM of a new type with a front
section of a fundamentally new design, the question of the applicability
of the 40-percent rule to such an ICBM or SLBM shall be subject to agreement
within the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission.
Until agreement has been reached regarding the rule that will apply
to such an ICBM or SLBM, the number of warheads that will be attributed
to such an ICBM or SLBM shall be the maximum number of reentry vehicles
with which an ICBM or SLBM of that type has been flight-tested. The
number of new types of ICBMs or SLBMs with a front section of a fundamentally
new design shall not exceed two for each Party as long as this Treaty
remains in force.
(c)
The number of reentry vehicles with which an ICBM or SLBM has been flight-tested
shall be considered to be the sum of the number of reentry vehicles
actually released during the flight test, plus the number of procedures
for dispensing reentry vehicles performed during that same flight test
when no reentry vehicle was released. A procedure for dispensing penetration
aids shall not be considered to be a procedure for dispensing reentry
vehicles, provided that the procedure for dispensing penetration aids
differs from a procedure for dispensing reentry vehicles.
(d)
Each reentry vehicle of an ICBM or SLBM shall be considered to be one
warhead.
(e)
For the United States of America, each heavy bomber equipped for long-range
nuclear ALCMs, up to a total of 150 such heavy bombers, shall be attributed
with ten warheads. Each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear
ALCMs in excess of 150 such heavy bombers shall be attributed with a
number of warheads equal to the number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for
which it is actually equipped. The United States of America shall specify
the heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs that are in
excess of 150 such heavy bombers by number, type, variant, and the air
bases at which they are based. The number of long-range nuclear ALCMs
for which each heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs in
excess of 150 such heavy bombers is considered to be actually equipped
shall be the maximum number of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which a
heavy bomber of the same type and variant is actually equipped.
(f)
For the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, each heavy bomber equipped
for long-range nuclear ALCMs, up to a total of 180 such heavy bombers,
shall be attributed with eight warheads. Each heavy bomber equipped
for long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 180 such heavy bombers shall
be attributed with a number of warheads equal to the number of long-range
nuclear ALCMs for which it is actually equipped. The Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics shall specify the heavy bombers equipped for long-range
nuclear ALCMs that are in excess of 180 such heavy bombers by number,
type, variant, and the air bases at which they are based. The number
of long-range nuclear ALCMs for which each heavy bomber equipped for
long-range nuclear ALCMs in excess of 180 such heavy bombers is considered
to be actually equipped shall be the maximum number of long-range nuclear
ALCMs for which a heavy bomber of the same type and variant is actually
equipped.
(g)
Each heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range
nuclear ALCMs shall be attributed with one warhead. All heavy bombers
not equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs shall be considered to be
heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear
ALCMs, with the exception of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear
armaments, test heavy bombers, and training heavy bombers.
5.
Each Party shall have the right to reduce the number of warheads attributed
to ICBMs and SLBMs only of existing types, up to an aggregate number of
1250 at any one time.
(a) Such aggregate number shall consist of the following:
(i) for the United States of America, the reduction in the number of
warheads attributed to the type of ICBM designated by the United States
of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
as, Minuteman III, plus the reduction in the number of warheads attributed
to ICBMs and SLBMs of no more than two other existing types;
(ii)
for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, four multiplied by the
number of deployed SLBMs designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as RSM-50, which is known to the United States of America
as SS-N-18, plus the reduction in the number of warheads attributed
to ICBMs and SLBMs of no more than two other existing types.
(b) Reductions in the number of warheads attributed to Minuteman III ICBMs
shall be carried out subject to the following:
(i) Minuteman III ICBMs to which different numbers of warheads are attributed
shall not be deployed at the same ICBM base.
(ii)
Any such reductions shall be carried out no later than seven years
after entry into force of this Treaty.
(iii)
The reentry vehicle platform of each Minuteman III ICBM to which a
reduced number of warheads is attributed shall be destroyed and replaced
by a new reentry vehicle platform.
(c) Reductions in the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs and SLBMs
of types other than Minuteman III shall be carried out subject to the
following:
(i) Such reductions shall not exceed 500 warheads at any one time for
each Party.
(ii)
After a Party has reduced the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs
or SLBMs of two existing types, that Party shall not have the right
to reduce the number of warheads attributed to ICBMs or SLBMs of any
additional type.
(iii)
The number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM shall be reduced
by no more than four below the number attributed as of the date of
signature of this Treaty.
(iv)
ICBMs of the same type, but to which different numbers of warheads
are attributed, shall not be deployed at the same ICBM base.
(v)
SLBMs of the same type, but to which different numbers of warheads
are attributed, shall not be deployed on submarines based at submarine
bases adjacent to the waters of the same ocean.
(vi)
If the number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of a particular
type is reduced by more than two, the reentry vehicle platform of
each ICBM or SLBM to which such a reduced number of warheads is attributed
shall be destroyed and replaced by a new reentry vehicle platform.
(d) A Party shall not have the right to attribute to ICBMs of a new type
a number of warheads greater than the smallest number of warheads attributed
to any ICBM to which that Party has attributed a reduced number of warheads
pursuant to subparagraph (c) of this paragraph. A Party shall not have
the right to attribute to SLBMs of a new type a number of warheads greater
than the smallest number of warheads attributed to any SLBM to which that
Party has attributed a reduced number of warheads pursuant to subparagraph
(c) of this paragraph.
6.
Newly constructed strategic offensive arms shall begin to be subject to
the limitations provided for in this Treaty as follows:
(a) an ICBM, when it first leaves a production facility;
(b)
a mobile launcher of ICBMs, when it first leaves a production facility
for mobile launchers of ICBMs;
(c)
a silo launcher of ICBMs, when excavation for that launcher has been
completed and the pouring of concrete for the silo has been completed,
or 12 months after the excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier;
(d)
for the purpose of counting a deployed ICBM and its associated launcher,
a silo launcher of ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM
when excavation for that launcher has been completed and the pouring
of concrete for the silo has been completed, or 12 months after the
excavation begins, whichever occurs earlier, and a mobile launcher of
ICBMs shall be considered to contain a deployed ICBM when it arrives
at a maintenance facility, except for the non-deployed mobile launchers
of ICBMs provided for in subparagraph 2(b) of Article IV of this Treaty,
or when it leaves an ICBM loading facility;
(e)
an SLBM, when it first leaves a production facility;
(f)
an SLBM launcher, when the submarine on which that launcher is installed
is first launched;
(g)
for the purpose of counting a deployed SLBM and its associated launcher,
an SLBM launcher shall be considered to contain a deployed SLBM when
the submarine on which that launcher is installed is first launched;
(h)
a heavy bomber or former heavy bomber, when its airframe is first brought
out of the shop, plant, or building in which components of a heavy bomber
or former heavy bomber are assembled to produce complete airframes;
or when its airframe is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building
in which existing bomber airframes are converted to heavy bomber or
former heavy bomber airframes.
7.
ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers that have been converted to launch an
ICBM or SLBM, respectively, of a different type shall not be capable of
launching an ICBM or SLBM of the previous type. Such converted launchers
shall be considered to be launchers of ICBMs or SLBMs of that different
type as follows:
(a) a silo launcher of ICBMs, when an ICBM of a different type or a training
model of a missile of a different type is first installed in that launcher,
or when the silo door is reinstalled, whichever occurs first;
(b)
a mobile launcher of ICBMs, as agreed within the framework of the Joint
Compliance and Inspection Commission;
(c)
an SLBM launcher, when all launchers on the submarine on which that
launcher is installed have been converted to launch an SLBM of that
different type and that submarine begins sea trials, that is, when that
submarine first operates under its own power away from the harbor or
port in which the conversion of launchers was performed.
8.
Heavy bombers that have been converted into heavy bombers of a different
category or into former heavy bombers shall be considered to be heavy bombers
of that different category or former heavy bombers as follows:
(a) a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range
nuclear ALCMs converted into a heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear
ALCMs, when it is first brought out of the shop, plant, or building where
it was equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs;
(b)
a heavy bomber of one category converted into a heavy bomber of another
category provided for in paragraph 9 of Section VI of the Protocol on
Procedures Governing the Conversion or Elimination of the Items Subject
to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Conversion or Elimination
Protocol, or into a former heavy bomber, when the inspection conducted
pursuant to paragraph 13 of Section VI of the Conversion or Elimination
Protocol is completed or, if such an inspection is not conducted, when
the 20-day period provided for in paragraph 13 of Section VI of the
Conversion or Elimination Protocol expires.
9.
For the purposes of this Treaty:
(a) A ballistic missile of a type developed and tested solely to intercept
and counter objects not located on the surface of the Earth shall not
be considered to be a ballistic missile to which the limitations provided
for in this Treaty apply.
(b)
If a ballistic missile has been flight-tested or deployed for weapon
delivery, all ballistic missiles of that type shall be considered to
be weapon-delivery vehicles.
(c)
If a cruise missile has been flight-tested or deployed for weapon delivery,
all cruise missiles of that type shall be considered to be weapon-delivery
vehicles.
(d)
If a launcher, other than a soft-site launcher, has contained an ICBM
or SLBM of a particular type, it shall be considered to be a launcher
of ICBMs or SLBMs of that type. If a launcher, other than a soft-site
launcher, has been converted into a launcher of ICBMs or SLBMs of a
different type, it shall be considered to be a launcher of ICBMs or
SLBMs of the type for which it has been converted.
(e)
If a heavy bomber is equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs, all heavy
bombers of that type shall be considered to be equipped for long-range
nuclear ALCMs, except those that are not so equipped and are distinguishable
from heavy bombers of the same type equipped for long-range nuclear
ALCMs. If long-range nuclear ALCMs have not been flight-tested from
any heavy bomber of a particular type, no heavy bomber of that type
shall be considered to be equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs. Within
the same type, a heavy bomber equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs,
a heavy bomber equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range
nuclear ALCMs, a heavy bomber equipped for non-nuclear armaments, a
training heavy bomber, and a former heavy bomber shall be distinguishable
from one another.
(f)
Any long-range ALCM of a type, any one of which has been initially flight-tested
from a heavy bomber on or before December 31, 1988, shall be considered
to be a long-range nuclear ALCM. Any long-range ALCM of a type, any
one of which has been initially flight-tested from a heavy bomber after
December 31, 1988, shall not be considered to be a long-range nuclear
ALCM if it is a long-range non-nuclear ALCM and is distinguishable from
long-range nuclear ALCMs. Long-range non-nuclear ALCMs not so distinguishable
shall be considered to be long-range nuclear ALCMs.
(g)
Mobile launchers of ICBMs of each new type of ICBM shall be distinguishable
from mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs and from mobile
launchers of ICBMs of other new types of ICBMs. Such new launchers,
with their associated missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from
mobile launchers of ICBMs of existing types of ICBMs with their associated
missiles installed, and from mobile launchers of ICBMs of other new
types of ICBMs with their associated missiles installed.
(h)
Mobile launchers of ICBMs converted into launchers of ICBMs of another
type of ICBM shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of ICBMs
of the previous type of ICBM. Such converted launchers, with their associated
missiles installed, shall be distinguishable from mobile launchers of
ICBMs of the previous type of ICBM with their associated missiles installed.
Conversion of mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be carried out in accordance
with procedures to be agreed within the framework of the Joint Compliance
and Inspection Commission.
10.
As of the date of signature of this Treaty:
(a) Existing types of ICBMs and SLBMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of missiles designated
by the United States of America as Minuteman II, Minuteman III, Peacekeeper,
Poseidon, Trident I, and Trident II, which are known to the Union of
Soviet Socialist Republics as Minuteman II, Minuteman III, MX, Poseidon,
Trident I, and Trident II, respectively;
(ii)
for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of missiles
designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-10, RS-12,
RS-16, RS-20, RS-18, RS-22, RS-12M, RSM-25, RSM-40, RSM-50, RSM-52,
and RSM-54, which are known to the United States of America as SS-11,
SS-13, SS-17, SS-18, SS-19, SS-24, SS-25, SS-N-6, SS-N-8, SS-N-18,
SS-N-20, and SS-N-23, respectively.
(b)
Existing types of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the type of missile designated
by the United States of America as Peacekeeper, which is known to the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as MX;
(ii)
for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of missiles
designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as RS-22 and
RS-12M, which are known to the United States of America as SS-24 and
SS-25, respectively.
(c)
Former types of ICBMs and SLBMs are the types of missiles designated by
the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics as, Minuteman I and Polaris A-3.
(d)
Existing types of heavy bombers are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of bombers designated
by the United States of America as, and known to the Union of Soviet
Socialist Republics as, B-52, B-1, and B-2;
(ii)
for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of bombers
designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as Tu-95 and
Tu-160, which are known to the United States of America as Bear and
Blackjack, respectively.
(e)
Existing types of long-range nuclear ALCMs are:
(i) for the United States of America, the types of long-range nuclear
ALCMs designated by the United States of America as, and known to the
Union of Soviet Socialist Republics as, AGM-86B and AGM-129;
(ii)
for the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics, the types of long-range
nuclear ALCMs designated by the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
as RKV-500A and RKV-500B, which are known to the United States of
America as AS-15 A and AS-15 B, respectively.
ARTICLE
IV
1.
For ICBMs and SLBMs:
(a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than 250. Within this limit,
the number of non-deployed ICBMs for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall
not exceed 125.
(b)
Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed ICBMs at a maintenance
facility of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs to no more than
two ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base. Non-deployed ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs located at a maintenance facility shall
be stored separately from non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs located
at that maintenance facility.
(c)
Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed ICBMs and sets of
ICBM emplacement equipment at an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs
to no more than:
(i) two ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base and six sets
of ICBM emplacement equipment for each type of ICBM specified for that
ICBM base; or
(ii)
four ICBMs of each type specified for that ICBM base and two sets
of ICBM emplacement equipment for each type of ICBM specified for
that ICBM base.
(d) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBMs and SLBMs located
at test ranges to no more than 35 during the seven-year period after entry
into force of this Treaty. Thereafter, the aggregate number of ICBMs and
SLBMs located at test ranges shall not exceed 25.
2.
For ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers:
(a) Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of non-deployed mobile
launchers of ICBMs to no more than 110. Within this limit, the number
of non-deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall not exceed 18.
(b)
Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed mobile launchers of
ICBMs located at the maintenance facility of each ICBM base for mobile
launchers of ICBMs to no more than two such ICBM launchers of each type
of ICBM specified for that ICBM base.
(c)
Each Party shall limit the number of non-deployed mobile launchers of
ICBMs located at training facilities for ICBMs to no more than 40. Each
such launcher may contain only a training model of a missile. Non-deployed
mobile launchers of ICBMs that contain training models of missiles shall
not be located outside a training facility.
(d)
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of test launchers to no
more than 45 during the seven-year period after entry into force of
this Treaty. Within this limit, the number of fixed test launchers shall
not exceed 25, and the number of mobile test launchers shall not exceed
20. Thereafter, the aggregate number of test launchers shall not exceed
40. Within this limit, the number of fixed test launchers shall not
exceed 20, and the number of mobile test launchers shall not exceed
20.
(e)
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of silo training launchers
and mobile training launchers to no more than 60. ICBMs shall not be
launched from training launchers. Each such launcher may contain only
a training model of a missile. Mobile training launchers shall not be
capable of launching ICBMs, and shall differ from mobile launchers of
ICBMs and other road vehicles or railcars on the basis of differences
that are observable by national technical means of verification.
3.
For heavy bombers and former heavy bombers:
4.
For ICBMs and SLBMs used for delivering objects into the upper atmosphere
or space:
(a) Each Party shall limit the number of space launch facilities to no
more than five, unless otherwise agreed. Space launch facilities shall
not overlap ICBM bases.
(b)
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBM launchers and SLBM
launchers located at space launch facilities to no more than 20, unless
otherwise agreed. Within this limit, the aggregate number of silo launchers
of ICBMs and mobile launchers of ICBMs located at space launch facilities
shall not exceed 10, unless otherwise agreed. (JCIC
Agreement No. 45, Article 1, of July 17, 2001 raised the limit of
silo launchers and moblile launchers of ICBMs located at space launch
facilities to 12. Within this limit, the number of mobile launchers
of ICBMs located at space launch facilities shall not exceed ten.)
(c)
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of ICBMs and SLBMs located
at a space launch facility to no more than the number of ICBM launchers
and SLBM launchers located at that facility.
5.
Each Party shall limit the number of transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile
launchers of ICBMs located at each deployment area or test range to no more
than two for each type of ICBM for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs that is
attributed with one warhead and that is specified for that deployment area
or test range, and shall limit the number of such transporter-loaders located
outside deployment areas and test ranges to no more than six. The aggregate
number of transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs
shall not exceed 30.
6.
Each Party shall limit the number of ballistic missile submarines in dry
dock within five kilometers of the boundary of each submarine base to
no more than two.
7.
For static displays and ground trainers:
(a) Each Party shall limit the number of ICBM launchers and SLBM launchers
placed on static display after signature of this Treaty to no more than
20, the number of ICBMs and SLBMs placed on static display after signature
of this Treaty to no more than 20, the number of launch canisters placed
on static display after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20, and
the number of heavy bombers and former heavy bombers placed on static
display after signature of this Treaty to no more than 20. Such items
placed on static display prior to signature of this Treaty shall be specified
in Annex I to the Memorandum of Understanding, but shall not be subject
to the limitations provided for in this Treaty.
(b)
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of heavy bombers converted
after signature of this Treaty for use as ground trainers and former
heavy bombers converted after signature of this Treaty for use as ground
trainers to no more than five. Such items converted prior to signature
of this Treaty for use as ground trainers shall be specified in Annex
I to the Memorandum of Understanding, but shall not be subject to the
limitations provided for in this Treaty.
8.
Each Party shall limit the aggregate number of storage facilities for ICBMs
or SLBMs and repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs to no more than 50.
9.
With respect to locational and related restrictions on strategic offensive
arms:
(a) Each Party shall locate non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs
only at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases; submarine bases; ICBM loading
facilities; SLBM loading facilities; production facilities for ICBMs or
SLBMs; repair facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; storage facilities for ICBMs
or SLBMs; conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs or SLBMs; test
ranges; or space launch facilities. Prototype ICBMs and prototype SLBMs,
however, shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases
or at submarine bases. Non-deployed ICBMs and non-deployed SLBMs may also
be in transit. Non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs may also
be transferred within an ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed
SLBMs that are located on missile tenders and storage cranes shall be
considered to be located at the submarine base at which such missile tenders
and storage cranes are specified as based.
(b)
Each Party shall locate non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs only
at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs,
production facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, repair facilities
for mobile launchers of ICBMs, storage facilities for mobile launchers
of ICBMs, ICBM loading facilities, training facilities for ICBMs, conversion
or elimination facilities for mobile launchers of ICBMs, test ranges,
or space launch facilities. Mobile launchers of prototype ICBMs, however,
shall not be located at maintenance facilities of ICBM bases for mobile
launchers of ICBMs. Non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs may also
be in transit.
(c)
Each Party shall locate test launchers only at test ranges, except that
rail-mobile test launchers may conduct movements for the purpose of
testing outside a test range, provided that:
(i) each such movement is completed no later than 30 days after it begins;
(ii)
each such movement begins and ends at the same test range and does
not involve movement to any other facility;
(iii)
movements of no more than six rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs are conducted
in each calendar year; and
(iv)
no more than one train containing no more than three rail-mobile test
launchers is located outside test ranges at any one time.
(d) A deployed mobile launcher of ICBMs and its associated missile that
relocates to a test range may, at the discretion of the testing Party,
either continue to be counted toward the maximum aggregate limits provided
for in Article II of this Treaty, or be counted as a mobile test launcher
pursuant to paragraph 2(d) of this Article. If a deployed mobile launcher
of ICBMs and its associated missile that relocates to a test range continues
to be counted toward the maximum aggregate limits provided for in Article
II of this Treaty, the period of time during which it continuously remains
at a test range shall not exceed 45 days. The number of such deployed
road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles located at
a test range at any one time shall not exceed three, and the number of
such deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
located at a test range at any one time shall not exceed three.
(e)
Each Party shall locate silo training launchers only at ICBM bases for
silo launchers of ICBMs and training facilities for ICBMs. The number
of silo training launchers located at each ICBM base for silo launchers
of ICBMs shall not exceed one for each type of ICBM specified for that
ICBM base.
(f)
Test heavy bombers shall be based only at heavy bomber flight test centers
and at production facilities for heavy bombers. Training heavy bombers
shall be based only at training facilities for heavy bombers.
10.
Each Party shall locate solid rocket motors for first stages of ICBMs for
mobile launchers of ICBMs only at locations where production and storage,
or testing of such motors occurs and at production facilities for ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs. Such solid rocket motors may also be moved
between these locations. Solid rocket motors with nozzles attached for the
first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall only be located
at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs and at
locations where testing of such solid rocket motors occurs. Locations where
such solid rocket motors are permitted shall be specified in Annex I to
the Memorandum of Understanding.
11.
With respect to locational restrictions on facilities:
(a) Each Party shall locate production facilities for ICBMs of a particular
type, repair facilities for ICBMs of a particular type, storage facilities
for ICBMs of a particular type, ICBM loading facilities for ICBMs of a
particular type, and conversion or elimination facilities for ICBMs of
a particular type no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo
launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any ICBM base for rail-mobile
launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any deployment area for road-mobile
launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any test range from which ICBMs
of that type are flight-tested, any production facility for mobile launchers
of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any repair facility for mobile launchers
of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, any storage facility for mobile launchers
of ICBMs of that type of ICBM, and any training facility for ICBMs at
which non-deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs are located. New facilities
at which non-deployed ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs of any type of
ICBM may be located, and new storage facilities for ICBM emplacement equipment,
shall be located no less than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo
launchers of ICBMs, except that existing storage facilities for intermediate-range
missiles, located less than 100 kilometers from an ICBM base for silo
launchers of ICBMs or from a test range, may be converted into storage
facilities for ICBMs not specified for that ICBM base or that test range.
(b)
Each Party shall locate production facilities for mobile launchers of
ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM, repair facilities for mobile launchers
of ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM, and storage facilities for mobile
launchers of ICBMs of a particular type of ICBM no less than 100 kilometers
from any ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs of that type of ICBM
and any test range from which ICBMs of that type are flight-tested.
(c)
Each Party shall locate test ranges and space launch facilities no less
than 100 kilometers from any ICBM base for silo launchers of ICBMs,
any ICBM base for rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, and any deployment
area.
(d)
Each Party shall locate training facilities for ICBMs no less than 100
kilometers from any test range.
(e)
Each Party shall locate storage areas for heavy bomber nuclear armaments
no less than 100 kilometers from any air base for heavy bombers equipped
for non-nuclear armaments and any training facility for heavy bombers.
Each Party shall locate storage areas for long-range nuclear ALCMs no
less than 100 kilometers from any air base for heavy bombers equipped
for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, any air base
for heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, and any training
facility for heavy bombers.
12.
Each Party shall limit the duration of each transit to no more than 30 days.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
V
1.
Except as prohibited by the provisions of this Treaty, modernization and
replacement of strategic offensive arms may be carried out.
2.
Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) produce, flight-test, or deploy heavy ICBMs of a new type, or increase
the launch weight or throw-weight of heavy ICBMs of an existing type;
(b)
produce, flight-test, or deploy heavy SLBMs;
(c)
produce, test, or deploy mobile launchers of heavy ICBMs;
(d)
produce, test, or deploy additional silo launchers of heavy ICBMs, except
for silo launchers of heavy ICBMs that replace silo launchers of heavy
ICBMs that have been eliminated in accordance with Section II of the
Conversion or Elimination Protocol, provided that the limits provided
for in Article II of this Treaty are not exceeded;
(e)
convert launchers that are not launchers of heavy ICBMs into launchers
of heavy ICBMs;
(f)
produce, test, or deploy launchers of heavy SLBMs;
(g)
reduce the number of warheads attributed to a heavy ICBM of an existing
type.
3.
Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBMs other than in silo launchers of
ICBMs, on road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or on rail-mobile launchers of
ICBMs. Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy ICBM launchers
other than silo launchers of ICBMs, road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or rail-mobile
launchers of ICBMs.
4.
Each Party undertakes not to deploy on a mobile launcher of ICBMs an ICBM
of a type that was not specified as a type of ICBM for mobile launchers
of ICBMs in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section VII of the Protocol
on Notifications Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the
Notification Protocol, unless it is an ICBM to which no more than one
warhead is attributed and the Parties have agreed within the framework
of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission to permit deployment
of such ICBMs on mobile launchers of ICBMs. A new type of ICBM for mobile
launchers of ICBMs may cease to be considered to be a type of ICBM for
mobile launchers of ICBMs if no ICBM of that type has been contained on,
or flight-tested from, a mobile launcher of ICBMs.
5.
Each Party undertakes not to deploy ICBM launchers of a new type of ICBM
and not to deploy SLBM launchers of a new type of SLBM if such launchers
are capable of launching ICBMs or SLBMs, respectively, of other types.
ICBM launchers of existing types of ICBMs and SLBM launchers of existing
types of SLBMs shall be incapable, without conversion, of launching ICBMs
or SLBMs, respectively, of other types.
6.
Each Party undertakes not to convert SLBMs into ICBMs for mobile launchers
of ICBMs, or to load SLBMs on, or launch SLBMs from, mobile launchers
of ICBMs.
7.
Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy transporter-loaders
other than transporter-loaders for ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of
ICBMs attributed with one warhead.
8.
Each Party undertakes not to locate deployed silo launchers of ICBMs outside
ICBM bases for silo launchers of ICBMs.
9.
Each Party undertakes not to locate soft-site launchers except at test
ranges and space launch facilities. All existing soft-site launchers not
at test ranges or space launch facilities shall be eliminated in accordance
with the procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol
no later than 60 days after entry into force of this Treaty.
10.
Each Party undertakes not to:
11.
Each Party undertakes not to convert silos used as launch control centers
into silo launchers of ICBMs.
12.
Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) produce, flight-test, or deploy an ICBM or SLBM with more than ten
reentry vehicles;
(b)
flight-test an ICBM or SLBM with a number of reentry vehicles greater
than the number of warheads attributed to it, or, for an ICBM or SLBM
of a retired type, with a number of reentry vehicles greater than the
largest number of warheads that was attributed to any ICBM or SLBM of
that type;
(c)
deploy an ICBM or SLBM with a number of reentry vehicles greater than
the number of warheads attributed to it;
(d)
increase the number of warheads attributed to an ICBM or SLBM of an
existing or new type.
13.
Each Party undertakes not to flight-test or deploy an ICBM or SLBM with
a number of reentry vehicles greater than the number of warheads attributed
to it.
14.
Each Party undertakes not to flight-test from space launch facilities
ICBMs or SLBMs equipped with reentry vehicles.
15.
Each Party undertakes not to use ICBMs or SLBMs for delivering objects
into the upper atmosphere or space for purposes inconsistent with existing
international obligations undertaken by the Parties.
16.
Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy systems for rapid
reload and not to conduct rapid reload.
17.
Each Party undertakes not to install SLBM launchers on submarines that
were not originally constructed as ballistic missile submarines.
18.
Each Party undertakes not to produce, test, or deploy:
(a) ballistic missiles with a range in excess of 600 kilometers, or launchers
of such missiles, for installation on waterborne vehicles, including free-floating
launchers, other than submarines. This obligation shall not require changes
in current ballistic missile storage, transport, loading, or unloading
practices;
(b)
launchers of ballistic or cruise missiles for emplacement on or for
tethering to the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters
and inland waters, or for emplacement in or for tethering to the subsoil
thereof, or mobile launchers of such missiles that move only in contact
with the ocean floor, the seabed, or the beds of internal waters and
inland waters, or missiles for such launchers. This obligation shall
apply to all areas of the ocean floor and the seabed, including the
seabed zone referred to in Articles I and II of the Treaty on the Prohibition
of the Emplacement of Nuclear Weapons and Other Weapons of Mass Destruction
on the Seabed and the Ocean Floor and in the Subsoil Thereof of February
11, 1971;
(c)
systems, including missiles, for placing nuclear weapons or any other
kinds of weapons of mass destruction into Earth orbit or a fraction
of an Earth orbit;
(d)
air-to-surface ballistic missiles (ASBMs);
(e)
long-range nuclear ALCMs armed with two or more nuclear weapons.
19.
Each Party undertakes not to:
(a) flight-test with nuclear armaments an aircraft that is not an airplane,
but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or more; equip such an aircraft
for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an aircraft with nuclear armaments;
(b)
flight-test with nuclear armaments an airplane that was not initially
constructed as a bomber, but that has a range of 8000 kilometers or
more, or an integrated platform area in excess of 310 square meters;
equip such an airplane for nuclear armaments; or deploy such an airplane
with nuclear armaments;
(c)
flight-test with long-range nuclear ALCMs an aircraft that is not an
airplane, or an airplane that was not initially constructed as a bomber;
equip such an aircraft or such an airplane for long-range nuclear ALCMs;
or deploy such an aircraft or such an airplane with long-range nuclear
ALCMs.
20.
The United States of America undertakes not to equip existing or future
heavy bombers for more than 20 long-range nuclear ALCMs.
21.
The Union of Soviet Socialist Republics undertakes not to equip existing
or future heavy bombers for more than 16 long-range nuclear ALCMs.
22.
Each Party undertakes not to locate long-range nuclear ALCMs at air bases
for heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range
nuclear ALCMs, air bases for heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments,
air bases for former heavy bombers, or training facilities for heavy bombers.
23.
Each Party undertakes not to base heavy bombers equipped for long-range
nuclear ALCMs, heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than
long-range nuclear ALCMs, or heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments
at air bases at which heavy bombers of either of the other two categories
are based.
24.
Each Party undertakes not to convert:
(a) heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range
nuclear ALCMs into heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs,
if such heavy bombers were previously equipped for long-range nuclear
ALCMs;
(b)
heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments into heavy bombers
equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs or into heavy bombers equipped
for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear ALCMs;
(c)
training heavy bombers into heavy bombers of another category;
(d)
former heavy bombers into heavy bombers.
25.
Each Party undertakes not to have underground facilities accessible to ballistic
missile submarines.
26.
Each Party undertakes not to locate railcars at the site of a rail garrison
that has been eliminated in accordance with Section IX of the Conversion
or Elimination Protocol, unless such railcars have differences, observable
by national technical means of verification, in length, width, or height
from rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs or launch-associated railcars.
27.
Each Party undertakes not to engage in any activities associated with
strategic offensive arms at eliminated facilities, notification of the
elimination of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3
of Section I of the Notification Protocol, unless notification of a new
facility at the same location has been provided in accordance with paragraph
3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol. Strategic offensive arms
and support equipment shall not be located at eliminated facilities except
during their movement through such facilities and during visits of heavy
bombers or former heavy bombers at such facilities. Missile tenders may
be located at eliminated facilities only for purposes not associated with
strategic offensive arms.
28.
Each Party undertakes not to base strategic offensive arms subject to
the limitations of this Treaty outside its national territory.
29.
Each Party undertakes not to use naval vessels that were formerly declared
as missile tenders to transport, store, or load SLBMs. Such naval vessels
shall not be tied to a ballistic missile submarine for the purpose of
supporting such a submarine if such a submarine is located within five
kilometers of a submarine base.
30.
Each Party undertakes not to remove from production facilities for ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs, solid rocket motors with attached nozzles
for the first stages of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, except for:
(a) the removal of such motors as part of assembled first stages of ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported
in stages;
(b)
the removal of such motors as part of assembled ICBMs for mobile launchers
of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported as assembled missiles
in launch canisters or without launch canisters; and
(c)
the removal of such motors as part of assembled first stages of ICBMs
for mobile launchers of ICBMs that are maintained, stored, and transported
as assembled missiles in launch canisters or without launch canisters,
for the purpose of technical characteristics exhibitions.
ARTICLE
VI
1.
Deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
shall be based only in restricted areas. A restricted area shall not exceed
five square kilometers in size and shall not overlap another restricted
area. No more than ten deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their
associated missiles may be based or located in a restricted area. A restricted
area shall not contain deployed ICBMs for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs
of more than one type of ICBM.
2.
Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for road-mobile
launchers of ICBMs within each restricted area so that these structures
shall not be capable of containing more road-mobile launchers of ICBMs
than the number of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs specified for that restricted
area.
3.
Each restricted area shall be located within a deployment area. A deployment
area shall not exceed 125,000 square kilometers in size and shall not
overlap another deployment area. A deployment area shall contain no more
than one ICBM base for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs.
4.
Deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
shall be based only in rail garrisons. Each Party shall have no more than
seven rail garrisons. No point on a portion of track located inside a
rail garrison shall be more than 20 kilometers from any entrance/exit
for that rail garrison. This distance shall be measured along the tracks.
A rail garrison shall not overlap another rail garrison.
5.
Each rail garrison shall have no more than two rail entrances/exits. Each
such entrance/exit shall have no more than two separate sets of tracks
passing through it (a total of four rails).
6.
Each Party shall limit the number of parking sites in each rail garrison
to no more than the number of trains of standard configuration specified
for that rail garrison. Each rail garrison shall have no more than five
parking sites.
7.
Each Party shall limit the number of fixed structures for rail-mobile
launchers of ICBMs in each rail garrison to no more than the number of
trains of standard configuration specified for that rail garrison. Each
such structure shall contain no more than one train of standard configuration.
8.
Each rail garrison shall contain no more than one maintenance facility.
9.
Deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles may leave
restricted areas or rail garrisons only for routine movements, relocations,
or dispersals. Deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated
missiles may leave deployment areas only for relocations or operational
dispersals.
10.
Relocations shall be completed within 25 days. No more than 15 percent
of the total number of deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their
associated missiles or five such launchers and their associated missiles,
whichever is greater, may be outside restricted areas at any one time
for the purpose of relocation. No more than 20 percent of the total number
of deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
or five such launchers and their associated missiles, whichever is greater,
may be outside rail garrisons at any one time for the purpose of relocation.
11.
No more than 50 percent of the total number of deployed rail-mobile launchers
of ICBMs and their associated missiles may be engaged in routine movements
at any one time.
12.
All trains with deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated
missiles of a particular type shall be of one standard configuration.
All such trains shall conform to that standard configuration except those
taking part in routine movements, relocations, or dispersals, and except
that portion of a train remaining within a rail garrison after the other
portion of such a train has departed for the maintenance facility associated
with that rail garrison, has been relocated to another facility, or has
departed the rail garrison for routine movement. Except for dispersals,
notification of variations from standard configuration shall be provided
in accordance with paragraphs 13, 14, and 15 of Section II of the Notification
Protocol.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
VII
1.
Conversion and elimination of strategic offensive arms, fixed structures
for mobile launchers of ICBMs, and facilities shall be carried out pursuant
to this Article and in accordance with procedures provided for in the
Conversion or Elimination Protocol. Conversion and elimination shall be
verified by national technical means of verification and by inspection
as provided for in Articles IX and XI of this Treaty; in the Conversion
or Elimination Protocol; and in the Protocol on Inspections and Continuous
Monitoring Activities Relating to this Treaty, hereinafter referred to
as the Inspection Protocol.
2.
ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, ICBM launchers, SLBM launchers, heavy
bombers, former heavy bombers, and support equipment shall be subject
to the limitations provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated,
or otherwise cease to be subject to the limitations provided for in this
Treaty, in accordance with procedures provided for in the Conversion or
Elimination Protocol.
3.
ICBMs for silo launchers of ICBMs and SLBMs shall be subject to the limitations
provided for in this Treaty until they have been eliminated by rendering
them inoperable, precluding their use for their original purpose, using
procedures at the discretion of the Party possessing the ICBMs or SLBMs.
4.
The elimination of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs, mobile launchers
of ICBMs, SLBM launchers, heavy bombers, and former heavy bombers shall
be carried out at conversion or elimination facilities, except as provided
for in Sections VII and VIII of the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.
Fixed launchers of ICBMs and fixed structures for mobile launchers of
ICBMs subject to elimination shall be eliminated in situ. A launch
canister remaining at a test range or ICBM base after the flight test
of an ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be eliminated in the open
in situ, or at a conversion or elimination facility, in accordance
with procedures provided for in the Conversion or Elimination Protocol.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
VIII
1.
A data base pertaining to the obligations under this Treaty is set forth
in the Memorandum of Understanding, in which data with respect to items
subject to the limitations provided for in this Treaty are listed according
to categories of data.
2.
In order to ensure the fulfillment of its obligations with respect to
this Treaty, each Party shall notify the other Party of changes in data,
as provided for in subparagraph 3(a) of this Article, and shall also provide
other notifications required by paragraph 3 of this Article, in accordance
with the procedures provided for in paragraphs 4, 5, and 6 of this Article,
the Notification Protocol, and the Inspection Protocol.
3.
Each Party shall provide to the other Party, in accordance with the Notification
Protocol, and, for subparagraph (i) of this paragraph, in accordance with
Section III of the Inspection Protocol:
(a) notifications concerning data with respect to items subject to the
limitations provided for in this Treaty, according to categories of data
contained in the Memorandum of Understanding and other agreed categories
of data;
(b)
notifications concerning movement of items subject to the limitations
provided for in this Treaty;
(c)
notifications concerning data on ICBM and SLBM throw-weight in connection
with the Protocol on ICBM and SLBM Throw-weight Relating to this Treaty,
hereinafter referred to as the Throw-weight Protocol;
(d)
notifications concerning conversion or elimination of items subject
to the limitations provided for in this Treaty or elimination of facilities
subject to this Treaty;
(e)
notifications concerning cooperative measures to enhance the effectiveness
of national technical means of verification;
(f)
notifications concerning flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs and notifications
concerning telemetric information;
(g)
notifications concerning strategic offensive arms of new types and new
kinds;
(h)
notifications concerning changes in the content of information provided
pursuant to this paragraph, including the rescheduling of activities;
(i)
notifications concerning inspections and continuous monitoring activities;
and
(j)
notifications concerning operational dispersals.
4.
Each Party shall use the Nuclear Risk Reduction Centers, which provide for
continuous communication between the Parties, to provide and receive notifications
in accordance with the Notification Protocol and the Inspection Protocol,
unless otherwise provided for in this Treaty, and to acknowledge receipt
of such notifications no later than one hour after receipt.
5.
If a time is to be specified in a notification provided pursuant to this
Article, that time shall be expressed in Greenwich Mean Time. If only
a date is to be specified in a notification, that date shall be specified
as the 24-hour period that corresponds to the date in local time, expressed
in Greenwich Mean Time.
6.
Except as otherwise provided in this Article, each Party shall have the
right to release to the public all data current as of September 1, 1990,
that are listed in the Memorandum of Understanding, as well as the photographs
that are appended thereto. Geographic coordinates and site diagrams that
are received pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the United
States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics on Exchange of Geographic Coordinates and Site Diagrams Relating
to the Treaty of July 31, 1991, shall not be released to the public unless
otherwise agreed. The Parties shall hold consultations on releasing to
the public data and other information provided pursuant to this Article
or received otherwise in fulfilling the obligations provided for in this
Treaty. The provisions of this Article shall not affect the rights and
obligations of the Parties with respect to the communication of such data
and other information to those individuals who, because of their official
responsibilities, require such data or other information to carry out
activities related to the fulfillment of the obligations provided for
in this Treaty.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
IX
1.
For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, each Party shall use national technical means of verification
at its disposal in a manner consistent with generally recognized principles
of international law.
2.
Each Party undertakes not to interfere with the national technical means
of verification of the other Party operating in accordance with paragraph
l of this Article.
3.
Each Party undertakes not to use concealment measures that impede verification,
by national technical means of verification, of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty. In this connection, the obligation not to use concealment
measures includes the obligation not to use them at test ranges, including
measures that result in the concealment of ICBMs, SLBMs, mobile launchers
of ICBMs, or the association between ICBMs or SLBMs and their launchers
during testing. The obligation not to use concealment measures shall not
apply to cover or concealment practices at ICBM bases and deployment areas,
or to the use of environmental shelters for strategic offensive arms.
4.
To aid verification, each ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs shall have
a unique identifier as provided for in the Inspection Protocol.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
X
1.
During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight
test shall make on-board technical measurements and shall broadcast all
telemetric information obtained from such measurements. The Party conducting
the flight test shall determine which technical parameters are to be measured
during such flight test, as well as the methods of processing and transmitting
telemetric information.
2.
During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight
test undertakes not to engage in any activity that denies full access
to telemetric information, including:
(a) the use of encryption;
(b)
the use of jamming;
(c)
broadcasting telemetric information from an ICBM or SLBM using narrow
directional beaming; and
(d)
encapsulation of telemetric information, including the use of ejectable
capsules or recoverable reentry vehicles.
3.
During each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight
test undertakes not to broadcast from a reentry vehicle telemetric information
that pertains to the functioning of the stages or the self-contained dispensing
mechanism of the ICBM or SLBM.
4.
After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight
test shall provide, in accordance with Section I of the Protocol on Telemetric
Information Relating to the Treaty, hereinafter referred to as the Telemetry
Protocol, tapes that contain a recording of all telemetric information
that is broadcast during the flight test.
5.
After each flight test of an ICBM or SLBM, the Party conducting the flight
test shall provide, in accordance with Section II of the Telemetry Protocol,
data associated with the analysis of the telemetric information.
6.
Notwithstanding the provisions of paragraphs 1 and 2 of this Article,
each Party shall have the right to encapsulate and encrypt on-board technical
measurements during no more than a total of eleven flight tests of ICBMs
or SLBMs each year. Of these eleven flight tests each year, no more than
four shall be flight tests of ICBMs or SLBMs of each type, any missile
of which has been flight-tested with a self-contained dispensing mechanism.
Such encapsulation shall be carried out in accordance with Section I and
paragraph 1 of Section III of the Telemetry Protocol, and such encryption
shall be carried out in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section III of
the Telemetry Protocol. Encapsulation and encryption that are carried
out on the same flight test of an ICBM or SLBM shall count as two flight
tests against the quotas specified in this paragraph.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XI
1.
For the purpose of ensuring verification of compliance with the provisions
of this Treaty, each Party shall have the right to conduct inspections
and continuous monitoring activities and shall conduct exhibitions pursuant
to this Article and the Inspection Protocol. Inspections, continuous monitoring
activities, and exhibitions shall be conducted in accordance with the
procedures provided for in the Inspection Protocol and the Conversion
or Elimination Protocol.
2.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct baseline data inspections at
facilities to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of
items specified for such facilities in the initial exchange of data provided
in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.
3.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct data update inspections at
facilities to confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of
items specified for such facilities in the notifications and regular exchanges
of updated data provided in accordance with paragraphs 2 and 3 of Section
I of the Notification Protocol.
4.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct new facility inspections to
confirm the accuracy of data on the numbers and types of items specified
in the notifications of new facilities provided in accordance with paragraph
3 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.
5.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct suspect-site inspections to
confirm that covert assembly of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs or
covert assembly of first stages of such ICBMs is not occurring.
6.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct reentry vehicle inspections
of deployed ICBMs and SLBMs to confirm that such ballistic missiles contain
no more reentry vehicles than the number of warheads attributed to them.
7.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct post-exercise dispersal inspections
of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles to
confirm that the number of mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated
missiles that are located at the inspected ICBM base and those that have
not returned to it after completion of the dispersal does not exceed the
number specified for that ICBM base.
8.
Each Party shall conduct or shall have the right to conduct conversion
or elimination inspections to confirm the conversion or elimination of
strategic offensive arms.
9.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct close-out inspections to confirm
that the elimination of facilities has been completed.
10.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct formerly declared facility
inspections to confirm that facilities, notification of the elimination
of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section I
of the Notification Protocol, are not being used for purposes inconsistent
with this Treaty.
11.
Each Party shall conduct technical characteristics exhibitions, and shall
have the right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections
of an ICBM and an SLBM of each type, and each variant thereof, and of
a mobile launcher of ICBMs and each version of such launcher for each
type of ICBM for mobile launchers of ICBMs. The purpose of such exhibitions
shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that technical characteristics
correspond to the data specified for these items.
12.
Each Party shall conduct distinguishability exhibitions for heavy bombers,
former heavy bombers, and long-range nuclear ALCMs, and shall have the
right during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections,
of:
(a) heavy bombers equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs. The purpose of
such exhibitions shall be to permit the inspecting Party to confirm that
the technical characteristics of each type and each variant of such heavy
bombers correspond to the data specified for these items in Annex G to
the Memorandum of Understanding; to demonstrate the maximum number of
long-range nuclear ALCMs for which a heavy bomber of each type and each
variant is actually equipped; and to demonstrate that this number does
not exceed the number provided for in paragraph 20 or 21 of Article V
of this Treaty, as applicable;
(b)
for each type of heavy bomber from any one of which a long-range nuclear
ALCM has been flight-tested, heavy bombers equipped for nuclear armaments
other than long-range nuclear ALCMs, heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear
armaments, training heavy bombers, and former heavy bombers. If, for
such a type of heavy bomber, there are no heavy bombers equipped for
long-range nuclear ALCMs, a test heavy bomber from which a long-range
nuclear ALCM has been flight-tested shall be exhibited. The purpose
of such exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting Party
that, for each exhibited type of heavy bomber, each variant of heavy
bombers equipped for nuclear armaments other than long-range nuclear
ALCMs, each variant of heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments,
each variant of training heavy bombers, and a former heavy bomber are
distinguishable from one another and from each variant of heavy bombers
of the same type equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs; and
(c)
long-range nuclear ALCMs. The purpose of such exhibitions shall be to
permit the inspecting Party to confirm that the technical characteristics
of each type and each variant of such long-range ALCMs correspond to
the data specified for these items in Annex H to the Memorandum of Understanding.
The further purpose of such exhibitions shall be to demonstrate differences,
notification of which has been provided in accordance with paragraph
13, 14, or 15 of Section VII of the Notification Protocol, that make
long-range non-nuclear ALCMs distinguishable from long-range nuclear
ALCMs.
13.
Each Party shall conduct baseline exhibitions, and shall have the right
during such exhibitions by the other Party to conduct inspections, of all
heavy bombers equipped for non-nuclear armaments, all training heavy bombers,
and all former heavy bombers specified in the initial exchange of data provided
in accordance with paragraph 1 of Section I of the Notification Protocol.
The purpose of these exhibitions shall be to demonstrate to the inspecting
Party that such airplanes satisfy the requirements for conversion in accordance
with the Conversion or Elimination Protocol. After a long-range nuclear
ALCM has been flight-tested from a heavy bomber of a type, from none of
which a long-range nuclear ALCM had previously been flight-tested, the Party
conducting the flight test shall conduct baseline exhibitions, and the other
Party shall have the right during such exhibitions to conduct inspections,
of 30 percent of the heavy bombers of such type equipped for nuclear armaments
other than long-range nuclear ALCMs at each air base specified for such
heavy bombers. The purpose of these exhibitions shall be to demonstrate
to the inspecting Party the presence of specified features that make each
exhibited heavy bomber distinguishable from heavy bombers of the same type
equipped for long-range nuclear ALCMs.
14.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct continuous monitoring activities
at production facilities for ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs to confirm
the number of ICBMs for mobile launchers of ICBMs produced.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XII
1.
To enhance the effectiveness of national technical means of verification,
each Party shall, if the other Party makes a request in accordance with
paragraph 1 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, carry out the following
cooperative measures:
(a) a display in the open of the road-mobile launchers of ICBMs located
within restricted areas specified by the requesting Party. The number
of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs based at the restricted areas specified
in each such request shall not exceed ten percent of the total number
of deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs of the requested Party, and
such launchers shall be contained within one ICBM base for road-mobile
launchers of ICBMs. For each specified restricted area, the roofs of fixed
structures for road-mobile launchers of ICBMs shall be open for the duration
of a display. The road-mobile launchers of ICBMs located within the restricted
area shall be displayed either located next to or moved halfway out of
such fixed structures;
(b)
a display in the open of the rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs located
at parking sites specified by the requesting Party. Such launchers shall
be displayed by removing the entire train from its fixed structure and
locating the train within the rail garrison. The number of rail-mobile
launchers of ICBMs subject to display pursuant to each such request
shall include all such launchers located at no more than eight parking
sites, provided that no more than two parking sites may be requested
within any one rail garrison in any one request. Requests concerning
specific parking sites shall include the designation for each parking
site as provided for in Annex A to the Memorandum of Understanding;
and
(c)
a display in the open of all heavy bombers and former heavy bombers
located within one air base specified by the requesting Party, except
those heavy bombers and former heavy bombers that are not readily movable
due to maintenance or operations. Such heavy bombers and former heavy
bombers shall be displayed by removing the entire airplane from its
fixed structure, if any, and locating the airplane within the air base.
Those heavy bombers and former heavy bombers at the air base specified
by the requesting Party that are not readily movable due to maintenance
or operations shall be specified by the requested Party in a notification
provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section V of the Notification
Protocol. Such a notification shall be provided no later than 12 hours
after the request for display has been made.
2.
Road-mobile launchers of ICBMs, rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, heavy bombers,
and former heavy bombers subject to each request pursuant to paragraph 1
of this Article shall be displayed in open view without using concealment
measures. Each Party shall have the right to make seven such requests each
year, but shall not request a display at any particular ICBM base for road-mobile
launchers of ICBMs, any particular parking site, or any particular air base
more than two times each year. A Party shall have the right to request,
in any single request, only a display of road-mobile launchers of ICBMs,
a display of rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or a display of heavy bombers
and former heavy bombers. A display shall begin no later than 12 hours after
the request is made and shall continue until 18 hours have elapsed from
the time that the request was made. If the requested Party cannot conduct
a display due to circumstances brought about by force majeure, it
shall provide notification to the requesting Party in accordance with paragraph
3 of Section V of the Notification Protocol, and the display shall be cancelled.
In such a case, the number of requests to which the requesting Party is
entitled shall not be reduced.
3.
A request for cooperative measures shall not be made for a facility that
has been designated for inspection until such an inspection has been completed
and the inspectors have departed the facility. A facility for which cooperative
measures have been requested shall not be designated for inspection until
the cooperative measures have been completed or until notification has
been provided in accordance with paragraph 3 of Section V of the Notification
Protocol.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XIII
1.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct exercise dispersals of deployed
mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles from restricted
areas or rail garrisons. Such an exercise dispersal may involve either
road-mobile launchers of ICBMs or rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs, or both
road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs. Exercise
dispersals of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated
missiles shall be conducted as provided for below:
(a) An exercise dispersal shall be considered to have begun as of the
date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with
paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(b)
An exercise dispersal shall be considered to be completed as of the
date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with
paragraph 12 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(c)
Those ICBM bases for mobile launchers of ICBMs specified in the notification
provided in accordance with paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification
Protocol shall be considered to be involved in an exercise dispersal.
(d)
When an exercise dispersal begins, deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs
and their associated missiles engaged in a routine movement from a restricted
area or rail garrison of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs
that is involved in such a dispersal shall be considered to be part
of the dispersal.
(e)
When an exercise dispersal begins, deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs
and their associated missiles engaged in a relocation from a restricted
area or rail garrison of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs
that is involved in such a dispersal shall continue to be considered
to be engaged in a relocation. Notification of the completion of the
relocation shall be provided in accordance with paragraph 10 of Section
II of the Notification Protocol, unless notification of the completion
of the relocation was provided in accordance with paragraph 12 of Section
II of the Notification Protocol.
(f)
During an exercise dispersal, all deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs
and their associated missiles that depart a restricted area or rail
garrison of an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs involved in such
a dispersal shall be considered to be part of the dispersal, except
for such launchers and missiles that relocate to a facility outside
their associated ICBM base during such a dispersal.
(g)
An exercise dispersal shall be completed no later than 30 days after
it begins.
(h)
Exercise dispersals shall not be conducted:
(i) more than two times in any period of two calendar years;
(ii)
during the entire period of time provided for baseline data inspections;
(iii)
from a new ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs until a new facility
inspection has been conducted or until the period of time provided
for such an inspection has expired; or
(iv)
from an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs that has been designated
for a data update inspection or reentry vehicle inspection, until
completion of such an inspection.
(i) If a notification of an exercise dispersal has been provided in accordance
with paragraph 11 of Section II of the Notification Protocol, the other
Party shall not have the right to designate for data update inspection
or reentry vehicle inspection an ICBM base for mobile launchers of ICBMs
involved in such a dispersal, or to request cooperative measures for such
an ICBM base, until the completion of such a dispersal.
(j)
When an exercise dispersal is completed, deployed mobile launchers of
ICBMs and their associated missiles involved in such a dispersal shall
be located at their restricted areas or rail garrisons, except for those
otherwise accounted for in accordance with paragraph 12 of Section II
of the Notification Protocol.
2.
A major strategic exercise involving heavy bombers, about which a notification
has been provided pursuant to the Agreement Between the Government of the
United States of America and the Government of the Union of Soviet Socialist
Republics on Reciprocal Advance Notification of Major Strategic Exercises
of September 23, 1989, shall be conducted as provided for below:
(a) Such exercise shall be considered to have begun as of the date and
time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph
16 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(b)
Such exercise shall be considered to be completed as of the date and
time specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph
17 of Section II of the Notification Protocol.
(c)
The air bases for heavy bombers and air bases for former heavy bombers
specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph
16 of Section II of the Notification Protocol shall be considered to
be involved in such exercise.
(d)
Such exercise shall begin no more than one time in any calendar year,
and shall be completed no later than 30 days after it begins.
(e)
Such exercise shall not be conducted during the entire period of time
provided for baseline data inspections.
(f)
During such exercise by a Party, the other Party shall not have the
right to conduct inspections of the air bases for heavy bombers and
air bases for former heavy bombers involved in the exercise. The right
to conduct inspections of such air bases shall resume three days after
notification of the completion of a major strategic exercise involving
heavy bombers has been provided in accordance with paragraph 17 of Section
II of the Notification Protocol.
(g)
Within the 30-day period following the receipt of the notification of
the completion of such exercise, the receiving Party may make a request
for cooperative measures to be carried out in accordance with subparagraph
1(c) of Article XII of this Treaty at one of the air bases involved
in the exercise. Such a request shall not be counted toward the quota
provided for in paragraph 2 of Article XII of this Treaty.
ARTICLE
XIV
1.
Each Party shall have the right to conduct operational dispersals of deployed
mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles, ballistic missile
submarines, and heavy bombers. There shall be no limit on the number and
duration of operational dispersals, and there shall be no limit on the
number of deployed mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles,
ballistic missile submarines, or heavy bombers involved in such dispersals.
When an operational dispersal begins, all strategic offensive arms of
a Party shall be considered to be part of the dispersal. Operational dispersals
shall be conducted as provided for below:
(a) An operational dispersal shall be considered to have begun as of the
date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with
paragraph 1 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
(b)
An operational dispersal shall be considered to be completed as of the
date and time specified in the notification provided in accordance with
paragraph 2 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
2.
During an operational dispersal each Party shall have the right to:
(a) suspend notifications that it would otherwise provide in accordance
with the Notification Protocol except for notification of flight tests
provided under the Agreement Between the United States of America and
the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics on Notifications of Launches of
Intercontinental Ballistic Missiles and Submarine-Launched Ballistic Missiles
of May 31, 1988; provided that, if any conversion or elimination processes
are not suspended pursuant to subparagraph (d) of this paragraph, the
relevant notifications shall be provided in accordance with Section IV
of the Notification Protocol;
(b)
suspend the right of the other Party to conduct inspections;
(c)
suspend the right of the other Party to request cooperative measures;
and
(d)
suspend conversion and elimination processes for its strategic offensive
arms. In such case, the number of converted and eliminated items shall
correspond to the number that has actually been converted and eliminated
as of the date and time of the beginning of the operational dispersal
specified in the notification provided in accordance with paragraph
1 of Section X of the Notification Protocol.
3.
Notifications suspended pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article shall resume
no later than three days after notification of the completion of the operational
dispersal has been provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section X
of the Notification Protocol. The right to conduct inspections and to request
cooperative measures suspended pursuant to paragraph 2 of this Article shall
resume four days after notification of the completion of the operational
dispersal has been provided in accordance with paragraph 2 of Section X
of the Notification Protocol. Inspections or cooperative measures being
conducted at the time a Party provides notification that it suspends inspections
or cooperative measures during an operational dispersal shall not count
toward the appropriate annual quotas provided for by this Treaty.
4.
When an operational dispersal is completed:
(a) All deployed road-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
shall be located within their deployment areas or shall be engaged in
relocations.
(b)
All deployed rail-mobile launchers of ICBMs and their associated missiles
shall be located within their rail garrisons or shall be engaged in
routine movements or relocations.
(c)
All heavy bombers shall be located within national territory and shall
have resumed normal operations. If it is necessary for heavy bombers
to be located outside national territory for purposes not inconsistent
with this Treaty, the Parties will immediately engage in diplomatic
consultations so that appropriate assurances can be provided.
5.
Within the 30 day period after the completion of an operational dispersal,
the Party not conducting the operational dispersal shall have the right
to make no more than two requests for cooperative measures, subject to the
provisions of Article XII of this Treaty, for ICBM bases for mobile launchers
of ICBMs or air bases. Such requests shall not count toward the quota of
requests provided for in paragraph 2 of Article XII of this Treaty.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XV
To
promote the objectives and implementation of the provisions of this Treaty,
the Parties hereby establish the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission.
The Parties agree that, if either Party so requests, they shall meet within
the framework of the Joint Compliance and Inspection Commission to:
(a) resolve questions relating to compliance with the obligations assumed;
(b)
agree upon such additional measures as may be necessary to improve the
viability and effectiveness of this Treaty; and
(c)
resolve questions related to the application of relevant provisions
of this Treaty to a new kind of strategic offensive arm, after notification
has been provided in accordance with paragraph 16 of Section VII of
the Notification Protocol.
ARTICLE
XVI
To
ensure the viability and effectiveness of this Treaty, each Party shall
not assume any international obligations or undertakings that would conflict
with its provisions. The Parties shall hold consultations in accordance
with Article XV of this Treaty in order to resolve any ambiguities that
may arise in this regard. The Parties agree that this provision does not
apply to any patterns of cooperation, including obligations, in the area
of strategic offensive arms, existing at the time of signature of this
Treaty, between a Party and a third State.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XVII
1.
This Treaty, including its Annexes, Protocols, and Memorandum of Understanding,
all of which form integral parts thereof, shall be subject to ratification
in accordance with the constitutional procedures of each Party. This Treaty
shall enter into force on the date of the exchange of instruments of ratification.
2.
This Treaty shall remain in force for 15 years unless superseded earlier
by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic
offensive arms. No later than one year before the expiration of the 15-year
period, the Parties shall meet to consider whether this Treaty will be
extended. If the Parties so decide, this Treaty will be extended for a
period of five years unless it is superseded before the expiration of
that period by a subsequent agreement on the reduction and limitation
of strategic offensive arms. This Treaty shall be extended for successive
five-year periods, if the Parties so decide, in accordance with the procedures
governing the initial extension, and it shall remain in force for each
agreed five-year period of extension unless it is superseded by a subsequent
agreement on the reduction and limitation of strategic offensive arms.
3.
Each Party shall, in exercising its national sovereignty, have the right
to withdraw from this Treaty if it decides that extraordinary events related
to the subject matter of this Treaty have jeopardized its supreme interests.
It shall give notice of its decision to the other Party six months prior
to withdrawal from this Treaty. Such notice shall include a statement
of the extraordinary events the notifying Party regards as having jeopardized
its supreme interests.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XVIII
Each
Party may propose amendments to this Treaty. Agreed amendments shall enter
into force in accordance with the procedures governing entry into force
of this Treaty.
Return
to top
ARTICLE
XIX
This
Treaty shall be registered pursuant to Article 102 of the Charter of the
United Nations.
Done
at Moscow on July 31, 1991, in two copies, each in the English and Russian
languages, both texts being equally authentic.
FOR
THE UNITED STATES OF AMERICA:
George Bush
President of the United States of America
FOR
THE UNION OF SOVIET SOCIALIST REPUBLICS:
M. Gorbachev
President of the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics
TC Home | Treaties & Agreements | Guidance
& Directives | Training Courses
| Links
| E-mail the Webmaster
|
Return
to START Table of Contents